Pengawasan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Terhadap Pelaku Usaha Pegadaian Ilegal (Studi Pada Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Kantor Regional 5 Sumatera Bagian Utara)

Abstract

OJK bertugas menetapkan peraturan mengenai tata cara pengenaan sanksi sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan di sektor jasa keuangan, tetapi OJK justru cenderung melakukan pembiaran tanpa adanya upaya yang tegas untuk melakukan penertiban terhadap usaha gadai illegal. Berdasarkan hal tersebut rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini: 1) Bagaimana aturan hukum tentang pegadaian ? 2) BagaimanapengawasanOJKterhadappelakuusahapegadaianillegalpadaOJKKantorRegional5Sumatera Bagian Utara? 3) Bagaimana kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengawasan terhadap pelaku usaha pegadaian illegal pada OJK Kantor Regional 5 Sumatera Bagian Utara ?. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitianinimenunjukkanbahwaaturanhukumtentangpegadaiandiaturdalamUndang-UndangNomor40 Tahun 2007 Tentang PerseroanTerbatas, Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2012 Tentang Koperasi, Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor31/POJK.05/2016 Tentang Usaha Pegadaian OJK. Sebagai pihak yang berwewenang melakukan pengawasan terhadap transaksi jasa keuangan di Indonesia telah mengeluarkan peraturan No. 31/POJK.05/2016 tentang Usaha Pegadaian. Peraturan tersebut mengharuskan perusahaanpegadaianswastamemilikiizinusaha,sertamengaturpenyelenggaraanusahagadaiswasta,dengan tujuan untuk menjamin perlindungan hukum bagi nasabah yang memanfaatkan jasa gadai swasta. PengawasanOJKterhadappelakuusahaillegalpadaOJKRegion 5SumateraBagianUtarabelum dilakukan secara ketat, bahkan terkesan OJK melakukan pembiaran. Pengawasan yang dilakukan masih sebatas pada sosialisasiuntukmenghimbaupelakuusahaagarmelakukanpengurusanizinusaha,sertamenghimbaukepada masyarakat umum agar tidak menggunakan jasausahapegadaian illegal.OJK tidak dapat memberikan sanksi kepadapelakuusahagadaiillegal,karenabelumadaaturanhukumyangmengatursanksiyangdapatdiberikan kepada para pelaku usaha illegal. Adapun kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengawasan OJK terhadap pelaku usahaillegaladalah:belumadaaturanhukummengenaisanksiyangdapatdiberikankepadaparapelakuusaha pegadaian illegal, banyak pelaku usaha gadai tidak dapat memenuhi syarat permodalan yang ditetapkan oleh OJK,kerjasamaOJKdenganSWImasihlemahkarenaadanyaanggapanbahwamasalahpelakuusahagadai illegal belum terlalu mendesak untuk diurusi sehingga terkesan diabaikan, rendahnya keperdulian masyarakat sehinggatetapmenggunakanjasausahapegadaianillegal,sertasosialisasiyangkuranggencartentangperizinan usaha pegadaian. Disarankan pemerintah perlu membuat sanksi bagi pelaku usaha illegal, khususnya sanksi pidanaagardapatdigunakanoleh OJKuntukmenjeratparapelakuusahaillegal.OJKperlumerevisi peraturan tentang Usaha Pegadaian dengan menghilangkan aturan batas permodalan dalam pengurusan izin usaha pegadaian. OJK perlu lebih serius melakukan penertiban terhadap pelaku usaha gadai illegal, dengan menghilangkan anggapan bahwa usaha gadai illegal belum mendesak untuk diurusi, karena bagaimana pun usaha gadai yang tidak memenuhi syarat sangat berpotensi merugikan masyarakat umum. OJK perlu melakukansosialisasiyanglebihgencarmengenaiperaturanhukumperizinanusahapegadaian,sehinggadapat diketahuiolehsemuamasyarakatdanpelakuusahagadai. OJK is tasked with establishing regulations regarding the procedures for imposing sanctions in accordance with the provisions of the laws and regulations in the financial services sector, but OJK tends to ignore it without any firm efforts to control illegal pawning businesses. Based on this, the formulation of the problem in this study: 1) What are the legal rules regarding pawnshops? 2) How is OJK's supervision of illegal pawnshop business actors at OJK Regional Office 5 North Sumatra? 3) What are the obstacles faced in supervising illegal pawnshop business actors at the OJK Regional Office 5 North Sumatra?. The research method used is descriptive method, while the data analysis technique uses descriptive qualitative. Based on the results of this study, it shows that the legal rules regarding pawnshops are regulated in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies, Law Number 17 of 2012 concerning Cooperatives, Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 31/POJK.05/2016 concerning OJK's Pawnshop Business. As the party authorized to supervise financial service transactions in Indonesia, it has issued regulation no. 31/POJK.05/2016 concerning Pawnshops. The regulation requires private pawnshop companies to have business licenses, and regulates the operation of private pawnshops, with the aim of ensuring legal protection for customers who use private pawn services. OJK's supervision of illegal business actors in OJK Region 5 North Sumatra has not been carried out strictly, it even seems that the OJK has neglected it. Supervision what is being done is still limited to socialization to urge business actors to manage business permits, as well as urge the general public not to use illegal pawnshop business services. The OJK cannot impose sanctions on illegal pawn business actors, because there are no legal rules that regulate sanctions that can given to illegal business actors. The obstacles faced in OJK's supervision of illegal business actors are: there is no legal regulation regarding sanctions that can be given to illegal pawnshop business actors, many pawn business actors cannot meet the capital requirements set by OJK, OJK's cooperation with SWI is still weak because there is an assumption that the problem of illegal pawn business actors is not too urgent to be taken care of so that it seems to be ignored, the public's lack of concern so that they continue to use illegal pawnshop business services, as well as less intensive socialization about pawn business licensing. It is recommended that the government needs to make sanctions for illegal business actors, especially criminal sanctions so that the OJK can use them to ensnare illegal business actors. OJK needs to revise the regulations on Pawnshops by eliminating the capital limit rule in the management of pawnshop business permits. OJK needs to be more serious in controlling illegal pawning business actors, by eliminating the notion that illegal pawning businesses are not urgent to be taken care of, because after all pawning businesses that do not meet the requirements have the potential to harm the general public. OJK needs to carry out more intensive socialization regarding the legal regulations for licensing the pawnshop business, so that it can be known by all people and pawn business actors.