Pengaruh Jarak Tanam dan Varietas Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Kejadian Penyakit Layu Bakteri (Pantoea stewartii) dan Produksi Jagung (Zea mays L.)

Abstract

P.stewartii merupakan patogen penyebab penyakit layu stewart dan merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman jagung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jarak tanam dan varietas terhadap pertumbuhan, ketahanan penyakit layu bakteri ( Pantoea stewartii ) dan jenis serangga pada tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Medan Area Jalan kolam No.1 Medan Estate Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan, sejak bulan Maret sampai dengan Juni 2020, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial terdiri dari 2 faktor perlakuan, yaitu: 1) perlakuan varietas (T) terdiri atas 3 taraf perlakuan, yakni: T1 = jagung hibrida, T2 =jagung manis, T3 = jagung putih; dan 2) perlakuan jarak tanam (J) terdiri dari 3 taraf perlakuan, yakni: J1 = jarak tanam 60x60 cm, J2 = jarak tanam 40x50 cm, J3 = jarak tanam 40x30 cm. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali, parameter yang diamati adalah pengamatan makroskopis dan mikroskopis P.stewartii, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, awal serangan penyakit bakteri stewart, Intensitas serangan layu bakteri stewart, jumlah tongkol/tanaman sampel, berat tongkol/tanaman sampel, produksi jagung bisi 18/plot, produksi jagung bisi 18(ton/ha), produksi jagung manis dan jagung putih berkelobot/plot(gr), produksi jagung manis dan jagung putih tanpa kelobot/plot (gr), bobot per 100 biji jagung bisi 18 (gr). Hasil penelitian, yakni: 1) Perlakuan jarak tanam yang berbeda berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman yaitu pada perlakuan J1(60x60), namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah daun, serangan layu stewart, jumlah tongkol dan berat tongkol jagung. 2) Perlakuan varietas berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun, namun berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap serangan layu stewart, jumlah tongkol dan berat tongkol jagung. 3) kombinasi kedua faktor tersebut berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, intensitas serangan layu stewart, jumlah tongkol dan berat tongkol jagung. P. stewartii is a pathogen that causes stewart wilt disease and is an important disease in maize. This study aims to determine the effect of spacing and varieties on growth, bacterial wilt disease resistance (Pantoea stewartii) and insect species in maize (Zea mays L.) carried out in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Medan Area Jalan pond No.1 Medan Estate District. Percut Sei Tuan, from March to June 2020, using a factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 2 treatment factors, namely: 1) treatment of varieties (T) consisted of 3 treatment levels, namely: T1 = hybrid maize, T2 = sweet corn, T3 = white corn; and 2) the spacing (J) consisted of 3 treatment levels, namely: J1 = spacing 60x60 cm, J2 = spacing 40x50 cm, J3 = spacing 40x30 cm. The treatment was repeated 3 times, the parameters observed were macroscopic and microscopic observations of P. stewartii, plant height, number of leaves, initial stewart bacterial disease attack, intensity of stewart bacterial wilt attack, number of cobs / plant samples, weight of cobs / plant samples, maize production bisi 18 / plot (g), production of bisi 18 maize (tonnes / ha), production of sweet and white corn with weight / plot (g), production of sweet and white corn without husks / plot (g), weight per 100 kernels bisi 18 (gr). The results of the research, namely:1) Treatment of different spacing has a very significant effect on plant height on treatman J1(60x60), but has no significant effect on the number of leaves, stewart wilt attack, number of cobs and weight of corn cobs. 2) Different treatment of varieties had a very significant effect on plant height and number of leaves, but had no significant effect on stewart wilt attack, number of cobs and weight of corn cobs. 3) the combination of these two factors had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, intensity of stewart wilt attack, number of cobs and weight of corn cobs.