Analisis Usaha Tani Padi Sawah pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19 di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Di Indonesia pada awal Pandemi Covid 19, beberapa laporan mengindikasikan bahwa pangsa pasar hilang akibat pembatasan jam operasional pasar tradisional dan penurunan permintaan. Memahami proyeksi pangan global dan tren tersebut dianggap penting untuk mengkaji aspek pertanian padi sawah di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Seperti diketahui, Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai merupakan salah satu lumbung padi utama di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian dilakukan pada musim tanam Oktober 2019 – Januari 2020 (musim non pandemi) dan musim tanam Oktober 2020 – Januari 2021 (musim pandemi) di 3 kecamatan di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total biaya produksi meningkat sebesar 3%, biaya tenaga kerja sebesar 10%, tetapi biaya non-teknis menurun sebesar 3,74% pada dua musim tanam. Sementara itu, kebutuhan sehari-hari gula pasir, beras, dan minyak goreng menunjukkan kenaikan harga sebesar 10%, 14%, dan 25%, masing-masing, dalam dua musim tanam. Ditemukan juga bahwa pendapatan atas biaya tunai meningkat sebesar 7,70%, tetapi pendapatan atas biaya total menurun sebesar 6,38%. Sejalan dengan itu, rasio R/C biaya tunai dan beban pokok pendapatan masing-masing turun sebesar 17,70% dan 13,12%. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa petani padi sawah di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai mengalami penurunan pendapatan akibat masa pandemi ini. In Indonesia at the beginning of the Pandemic Covid 19, several reports indicated that market share was lost due to restrictions on the traditional market operating hours and decreased demand. Understanding global food projections and these trends was considered important to examine aspects of lowland rice farming in Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatera Province. As is known, Serdang Bedagai Regency is one of the main rice granaries in North Sumatra Province. The study was conducted in the October 2019 – January 2020 planting season (non pandemic season) and the October 2020 – January 2021 planting season (pandemic season) in 3 sub-districts of Serdang Bedagai Regency. The results showed that the total production costs increased by 3%, labor costs by 10 %, but non-technical costs decreased by 3.74% in the two growing seasons. Meanwhile, daily needs sugar, rice, and cooking oil showed a price increase of 10%, 14%, and 25%, respectively, in the two growing seasons. It was also found that revenue on cash costs increased by 7.70%, but revenue on total costs decreased by 6.38%. In line with that, the R/C ratio of cash costs and cost of revenues decreased by 17.70% and 13.12%, respectively. The results of the study concluded that lowland rice farmers in Serdang Bedagai Regency experienced a decrease in income due to this pandemic period