Penurunan Produksi Dan Pendapatan PetaniAkibat Intensitas Serangan Penyakit Ganoderma Boninense Pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Studi Kasus di Aek Nabara Kecamatan Bilah Hulu Kabupaten Labuhan Batu Sumatera Utara)

Abstract

Pengusahaan tanaman kelapa sawit saat ini mengalami permasalahan akibat penyakit busuk pangkal batang yang diakibatkan oleh patogen Ganoderma boninense. Tanaman kelapa sawit yang terserang akan mengalami kematian, sehingga akan mengakibatkan penurunan produksi, yang pada akhirnya akan menurunkan pendapatan petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penurunan produksi tanaman kelapa sawit dan pendapatan petani akibat penyakit busuk pangkal batang di Aek Nabara Kecamatan Bilah Hulu Kabupaten Labuhan Batu. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, jenis penelitiannya adalah survey. Sampel ditentukan dengan metode random sampling sebanyak 96 orang. Pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji beda rata-rata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase tanaman terserang rata-rata 11,68%, tertinggi 39,16%, dan terendah 0,74%. Sebelum ada tanaman yang terserang Ganoderma, produksi TBS petani rata-rata 33,83 ton/tahun atau 19,02 ton/ha/tahun, namun sesudah ada tanaman yang terserang, produksi petani menjadi 24,79 ton/tahun atau 13,95 ton/ha/tahun. Pendapatan petani sebelum ada tanaman terserang Ganoderma rata-rata Rp. 86.714.354,17 per tahun atau Rp. 48.620.232,97 per ha/tahun, sesudah ada tanaman terserang, pendapatan petani sebesar Rp. 62.293.856,50 per tahun atau 34.876.722,40 per ha/tahun. Dengan demikian terjadi penurunan produksi TBS per hektar per tahun sebesar 5,07 ton atau 26,66 %. Penurunan produksi menyebabkan penurunan pendapatan petani sebesar Rp. 13.743.510,57,- (28,27%). The cultivation of oil palm plantations is currently experiencing problems due to stem rot disease caused by the pathogen Ganoderma boninense. Affected plants will die, which will a decrease in production, and the end will reduce the farmers' income. The aims of study to determine the decline in oil palm production and farmers' income due to stem rot disease in Aek Nabara, Bilah Hulu District, Labuhan Batu Regency. This research method uses a quantitative approach, the type of research is a survey. The sample was determined by random sampling method as many as 96 people. Data collection through questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the average difference test. The results showed that the percentage of infected plants was on average 11.68%, the highest was 39.16%, and the lowest was 0.74%. Before there plants that were attacked by Ganoderma, the average of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) production of farmers was 33.83 tons/year or 19.02 tons/ha/year, but after there plants that were attacked, farmers' production became 24.79 tons/year or 13.95 tons/ha/year. The farmers income before the plants were attacked by Ganoderma was an average of Rp. 86,714,354.17 per year or Rp. 48,620,232.97 per ha/year, after the plants are attacked, the farmer's income is Rp. 62,293,856.50 per year or 34,876,722.40 per ha/year. Thus there is a decrease in FFB production per hectare per year by 5.07 tons or 26.66%. The decrease in production causes a decrease in farmers' income by Rp. 13,743,510,57,- (28,27%).