Penegakan Hukum Pidana terhadap Kejahatan Keimigrasian oleh Warga Negara Asing di Kota Medan (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Medan Nomor 2465/Pid.Sus/2020/Pn.Mdn.)

Abstract

Dewasa ini sering terjadi tindak pidana keimigrasian yang berkaitan dengan izin tinggal bagi warga negara asing. Tindak pidana keimigrasian yang berkaitan dengan izin tinggal tersebut disebut juga penyalahgunaan izin. Meskipun dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 Tentang Keimigrasian telah memberikan sanksi pidana yang tegas tetapi tindakan ini tetap dilakukan oleh warga negara asing tersebut. Perlu penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku tindak pidana penyalahgunaan izin tinggal. Banyak kasus penyalahgunaan izin tinggal dan penyalahgunaan visa ini terkadang hanya sampai tahap tindakan admistratif keimigrasian saja dan hanya beberapa kasus pada tahap pengadilan sesuai sumber Divisi Imigrasi Kanwil Kemenkumham Sumut. Seharusnya antara sanksi tindakan dan sanksi pidana itu memiliki kepastian hukum. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam skripsi ini adalah mengenai pengaturan hukum terhadap kejahatan keimigrasian oleh warga negara asing menurut peraturan perundang-undangan, mengenai penegakan hukum pidana terhadap kejahatan keimigrasian oleh warga negara asing di kota medan berdasarkan putusan Pengadilan Negeri Medan Nomor 2465/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Mdn. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembahasan permasalah tersebut adalah penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dengan mengkaji dan menganalisis data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier. Pengaturan hukum terhadap kejahatan keimigrasian oleh warga negara asing diatur dalam UU No 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian dan aturan pelaksana dari undang-undang tersebut diatur dalam PP No 48 Tahun 2021 Tentang Perubahan Ketiga atas PP No. 31 Tahun 2013, dalam Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan HAM juga diatur tentang visa dan izin tinggal yaitu diatur dalan Permenkumham Nomor 29 Tahun 2021, dan Permenkumham Nomor 34 Tahun 2021 Tentang Pemberian Visa dan Izin Tinggal Keimigrasian dalam Masa Penanganan Penyebaran Covid 19 dan Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional. Sehingga dalam aturan tersebut tindak pidana keimigrasian mempunyai klasifikasi dalam bentuk kejahatan dan pelanggaran. Penegakan hukum pidana terhadap kejahatan keimigrasian oleh warga negara asing di kota Medan berdasarkan putusan Pengadilan Negeri Medan Nomor 2465/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Mdn adalah pada penegakan hukum keimigrasian terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu tindakan administratif keimigrasian dan tindakan Pro Justisia atau tindakan hukum yang sah dan memiliki kekuatan hukum yang mengikat. Upaya penegakan hukum dalam tindak pidana keimigrasian dapat berupa pengawasan keimigrasian, tindakan keimigrasian, karantinda imigrasi dan pencegahan penangkalan. Nowadays, immigration crimes often occur related to residence permits for foreign citizens. Immigration crimes related to residence permits are also known as misuse of permits. Although Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration had provided strict criminal sanctions, this had been still carried out by foreign citizens. Law enforcement was needed against perpetrators of criminal acts of residence permit abuse. Many cases of misuse of residence permits and visas sometimes only reached the immigration administrative action stage and only a few cases were at the court stage based on the source of the Immigration Division of the North Sumatra Ministry of Law and Human Rights. There should be legal certainty between action sanctions and criminal sanctions. The problems discussed in this study were the legal regulation of immigration crimes by foreign citizens based on statutory regulations and the enforcement of criminal law against immigration crimes by foreign citizens in Medan City based on the decision of the Medan District Court Number 2465/Pid. Sus/2020/PN.Mdn. The method used was normative juridical law research by reviewing and analyzing secondary data of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The legal regulation against immigration crimes by foreign citizens was regulated in Law No. 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration, and the implementing rules of the law were regulated in Government Regulations/PP No. 48 of 2021 concerning the Third Amendment to Government Regulations/PP No. 31 of 2013, the Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation also regulated visas and residence permits, which were regulated in the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 29 of 2021, and Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 34 of 2021 concerning the Granting of Immigration Visas and Residence Permits in the Period of Handling the Spread of Covid 19 and National Economic Recovery. So in these regulations, immigration crimes had a classification in the form of crimes and violations. The enforcement of criminal law against immigration crimes by foreign citizens in Medan City was based on the decision of Medan District Court Number 2465/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Mdn was the immigration law enforcement that was divided into two, namely immigration administrative actions and Pro Justicia actions or valid legal actions that had binding legal force. Law enforcement efforts in immigration crimes could be in control, actions, quarantine of immigrations, and deterrence.