Pengomposan Limbah Pabrik Kelapa Sawit secara Aerobik dan Anaerobik serta Dampaknya terhadap Emisi Gas Metana, Kualitas Kompos, Karakteristik Tanah dan Produksi Kelapa Sawit

Abstract

Oil palm industrial waste has caused serious pollution to the environment, especially to the air environment, due to the release of Nitrogen oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. In addition to polluting the air, these three gases have caused global warming, which increased the average temperature of the earth's surface due to excessive concentrations of greenhouse gases. This study aims to analyze the effect of using Empty Fruit Bunches(EFB) compost on the cost of fertilizer use at PT Eastern Sumatra Indonesia, the effect of using EFB compost on productivity at PT Eastern Sumatra Indonesia and the effect of using EFB compost on GHG values at PT Eastern Sumatra Indonesia. This study uses secondary data. The data needed is the cost of using organic and inorganic fertilizers, oil palm productivity, GHG values from 2014-2019 per semester. The results showed that the use of EFB compost as organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the cost of using fertilizer at PT Eastern Sumatra Indonesia. However, it has no significant effect on productivity. Yet, the use of EFB compost as organic fertilizer has a significant effect on GHG values in PT Eastern Sumatra Indonesia. The process of compost production with anaerobic system produces methane gas (CH4). Currently,there are palm oil processing requirements in Palm Oil Mills (POM) to reduce greenhouse gases as much as possible. An alternative solution is to use the aerobic system to treat POME without producing CH4 gas. The purpose of this study was to optimize the cost of using the aerobic system in PT ESI by developing system dynamics with STELLA Ver 9.02. The results of the system dynamics provided the cost equation for anaerobic y = 146758x2 + 24848x + 1x10^6 and aerobic y = 14277x2 - 96412x + 235539, where x is the time in years and y is the total cost per ton of compost produced. Cost balance occurred in the second year when the anaerobic system incurred GHG (greenhouse gas) tax of IDR 75,000/ton equiv CO2 for the CH4 gas produced, while the aerobic system did not produce CH4 gas. The cost balance between aerobic and anaerobic systems was IDR 145,400.44/Ton POME (Palm oil mill effluent). This proved that compost with GHG tax scenario in the anaerobic process required higher cost than aerobic process without CH4 gas. However, the initial development process for the aerobic system was expensive, such as at IDR 235,471.41/ton POME. Excessive use of fertilizer damages the soil and changes its physical, chemical and biological properties. Organic fertilizers and compost, on the other hand, can improve soil fertility. This study investigates the effects of compost application on hair roots, soil microorganisms, and soil fauna in oil palm plantations. The research was conducted descriptively by observing oil palm plantations using compost from Palm Oil Mill (POM) waste. The obtained compost is from research or experiments. The researchers observed soil properties, including root hairs, soil fauna, and soil microorganisms. It was conducted at PT Eastern Sumatra Indonesia, Bukit Maraja Estate, Simalungun Regency. Statistical data were obtained by using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test for observational parameters with a significant effect. The results showed that OPEFB compost significantly increased central, intermediate and tertiary root formation. Likewise, the increase in the population of soil microbes, especially P solvent microbes. The population of large fauna in the plant environment treated with EFB compost was higher than in the non-compost environment. Of the 225 macrofauna populations, the earthworm (Lumbicina) is the most species of macrofauna. The larger part of oil palm plantation locales have moo levels of physical and chemical ripeness in their soils. Fertilization can make strides the soil's physical and chemical ripeness. Experts are investigating beneficial agronomic methods, such as the composting of discarded fruit bunches as organic fertilizer for oil palm plants. As a result, the goal of this study was to see how compost application affected physical and chemical soil fertility in oil palm farms. The researchers did descriptive study by examining the land of oil palm farms that were employing POM waste compost as a consequence of the experiment or research. The observation concentrated on the soil's features. For the observation parameters with a significant influence, the data was statistically analyzed using the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD). The use of OPEFB waste compost in oil palm farms improves soil quality both physically and chemically. The soil density rose from 0.78 g/cm3 to 0.95 g/cm3 with the addition of OPEFB compost. The area employing OPEFB compost demonstrated marginally improved soil permeability, resulting in constant soil moisture conditions at the field capacity level. In terms of soil chemical characteristics, the addition of OPEFB compost might increase soil quality in terms of CEC, total N, total K, exchanged K, Na, Ca, Mg, and S. Oil palm biomass, which includes f ronds of oil palm leaves, oil palm fiber and palm kernel shells, empty f ruit bunches, liquid waste f rom oil palm, and other mill wastes, can pose significant environmental hazards. Solid waste and liquid waste have the highest potential for composting. As a result, the goal of this study is to determine the composting features of aerobic-anaerobic systems in palm oil mill bunkers. The research was conducted at PT Eastern Sumatra Indonesia, Bukit Maraja POM, Simalungun Regency, with samples evaluated at Medan's Socfindo Laboratory and Bogor's Center for Research and Development of Biotechnology and Agricultural Genetic Resources. The data acquired in Farm Manager's PLC (Process Logic Control) system was evaluated visually, as were the results of compost qualities f rom the aerobic-anaerobic system in bunker. Compost made f rom empty f ruit bunches (EFB) via aerobic and anaerobic processes has varied characteristics. The major nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and pH of anaerobic compost are greater than those produced by aerobic compost in bunker. Composting in an aerobic system may suppress the generation of Methane (CH4) gas until it is undetected, however composting in an anaerobic system can detect a high level of Methane (CH4) gas formation