Respon Pemberian Kompos Kulit Buah Kakao dan Agen Hayati Trichoderma Koningii terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Kakao (Theobroma Cacao L.)

Abstract

Kakao merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman perkebunan yang terus mendapat perhatian untuk dikembangkan. Upaya pengembangan tanaman kakao dapat dilakukan dengan penyediaan bahan tanam yang unggul melalui pembibitan tanaman kakao. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kompos kulit buah kakao dan agen hayati Trichoderma koningii terhadap pertumbuhan bibit tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Desember 2021 sampai Maret 2022 di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Medan Area, Jalan PBSI No. 1 Medan Estate, Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan, Kabupaten Deli Serdang pada ketinggian tempat ± 22 meter diatas permukaan laut dengan jenis tanah alluvial. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor dan 2 ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitu Dosis Kompos Kulit Buah Kakao yang terdiri dari 4 taraf, K0 = Standar pemupukan kakao (ZA) sebanyak 50 gram/polybag, K1 = 250 gram/polybag kompos kulit buah kakao + 25 gram ZA, K2 = 500 gram/polybag kompos kulit buah kakao + 25 gram ZA, K3 = 750 gram/polybag kompos kulit buah kakao + 25 gram ZA, dan faktor kedua yaitu Dosis Agen Hayati Trichoderma koningii yang terdiri dari 4 taraf, T0 = Kontrol (Tanpa Perlakuan), T1 = 60 gram/polybag agen hayati Trichoderma koningii, T2 = 120 gram/polybag agen hayati Trichoderma koningii, M3 = 180 gram/polybag agen hayati Trichoderma koningii. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kompos kulit buah kakao tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, volume akar, dan panjang akar, namun berpengaruh nyata terhadap diameter batang. Pemberian agen hayati Trichoderma koningii tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, luas daun, volume akar dan panjang akar, namun berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap jumlah daun. Kombinasi pemberian kompos kulit buah kakao dan agen hayati Trichoderma koningii tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, volume akar, dan panjang akar, namun berpengaruh nyata terhadap diameter batang, dan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap luas daun. Cocoa is one type of plantation crop that continues to receive attention for development. Efforts to develop cocoa plants can be carried out by providing superior planting materials through cocoa plant nurseries. This research aims to determine the effect of giving cocoa pod husks compost and biological agents Trichoderma koningii on the growth of cocoa plant seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.). This research was carried out from December 2021 to March 2022 at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Medan Area, Jalan PBSI No. 1 Medan Estate, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency at an altitude of 22 meters above sea level with alluvial soil type. This research using a randomized block design in factorial consisted of 2 factors and 2 repeats. The first factor is the Dosage of Cocoa Pod Husks Compost which consisted of 4 levels, K0 = Cocoa Fertilizer Standard (ZA) of 50 grams/polybag, K1 = 250 grams/polybag of cocoa pod husks compost + 25 grams of ZA, K2 = 500 grams/polybag of cocoa pod husks compost + 25 grams of ZA, K3 = 750 grams/polybag of cocoa pod husks compost + 25 grams of ZA, and the second factor is the dosage of biological agents Trichoderma koningii which consisted of 4 levels, T0 = Control (Without Treatment), T1 = 60 grams/polybag of biological agents Trichoderma koningii, T2 = 120 grams/polybag of biological agents Trichoderma koningii, M3 = 180 grams/polybag of biological agents Trichoderma koningii. The results showed that the 2 application of cocoa pod husks compost had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, root volume, and root length, but had a significant effect on stem diameter. The application of biological agents Trichoderma koningii had no significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, root volume and root length, but had a very significant effect on number of leaves. Combination of cocoa pod husks compost and biological agents Trichoderma koningii had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, root volume, and root length, but had a significant effect on stem diameter, and had a very significant effect on leaf area.