Pengaruh Pemberian Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Growtone dan Komposisi Media Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq) di Main Nursery

Abstract

Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) merupakan tanaman yang menjadi tulang punggung di kawasan perkebunan. Laju perkembangan perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia menunjukkan peningkatan yang sangat cepat. Melihat pertumbuhan perkebunan kelapa sawit yang terus berkembang setiap tahunnya,sehingga pembibitan awal merupakan hal yang sangat signifikan bagi pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit terutama penyediaan media tanam yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit akibat pemberian zat pengatur tumbuh growtone dan komposisi media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan bibi kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Main Nursery. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Medan Area yang terletak di Jalan PBSI No.1 Medan Estate, Wilayah Percut Sei Tuan dengan ketinggian 22 m di atas permukaan laut, geologi, permukaan dan jenis tanah aluvial. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei – Agustus 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor dan 2 ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitu Faktor Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Growtone dengan 4 perlakuan: Z0 = Kontrol/Tanpa Zat Pengatur Tumbuh. Z1 = 0,5 mg zpt/1 liter air. Z2 = 1,0 mg zpt/2 liter air. Z3 = 1,5 mg zpt/3 liter air, dan faktor kedua yaitu Komposisi Media Tanam dengan 4 taraf yaitu: M0 = Kontrol/rekomendasi media tanam bibit kelapa sawit di main nursery menggunakan tanah top soil. M1= Tanah Sub Soil : Arang Sekam : pasir = 1:1:1, M2 = Tanah Sub Soil : Pasir : Kompos = 1:1:1, M3 = Tanah Sub Soil : Pasir : Pupuk Kandang Sapi = 1:1:1. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 1. Pemberian Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (ZPT) Growtone berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang bibit kelapa sawit tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap Jumlah daun, luas daun, dan bagan warna daun (BWD) bibit kelapa sawit. Pemberian komposisi media tanam berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, diameter batang dan luas daun bibit kelapa sawit tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah daun dan bagan warna daun (BWD). Kombinasi pemberian ZPT Growtone dan komposisi media tanam berpengaruh nyata terhadap diameter batang bibit kelapa sawit tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, dan bagan warna daun daun (BWD). Abstract Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a plant that forms the backbone of plantation areas. The pace of development of oil palm plantations in Indonesia shows a very fast increase. Seeing the growth of oil palm plantations which continues to grow every year, so that early nurseries are very significant for the growth of oil palm seedlings, especially providing good planting media. This study aims to determine the effect of the growth of oil palm seedlings due to the application of growtone growth regulators and the composition of the planting medium on the growth of oil palm seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in the Main Nursery. This research was conducted in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Medan Area, located at Jalan PBSI No.1 Medan Estate, Percut Sei Tuan Region with a height of 22 m above sea level, geology, surface and alluvial soil type. The study was conducted in May – August 2022. This study used a factorial randomized block design consisting of 2 factors and 2 replications. The first factor is Growth Regulatory Substance Factor with 4 treatments: Z0 = Control/Without Growth Regulatory Substance. Z1 = 0.5 mg zpt/1 liter of water. Z2 = 1.0 mg zpt/2 liters of water. Z3 = 1.5 mg zpt/3 liter of water, and the second factor is the Composition of the Planting Media with 4 levels, namely: M0 = Control/recommendation for planting media for oil palm seedlings in main nurseries using top soil. M1= Sub Soil : Charcoal Chaff : sand = 1:1:1, M2 = Sub Soil : Sand : Compost = 1:1:1, M3 = Sub Soil : Sand : Cow manure = 1:1:1 . The results showed that 1. Application of Growth Regulatory Substance (ZPT) had a very significant effect on the growth of plant height and stem diameter of the oil palm seedlings, but had no significant effect on the number of leaves, leaf area, and leaf color chart (BWD) of the oil palm seedlings. The composition of the planting medium had a very significant effect on the growth of plant height, stem diameter and leaf area of the oil palm seedlings but had no significant effect on the number of leaves and leaf color chart (BWD). The combination of ZPT Growtone application and the composition of the planting medium had a significant effect on the diameter of the oil palm seedlings but had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and leaf color chart (BWD).