Analisis Yuridis atas Tanah Ulayat di Desa Partibilama

Abstract

Tanah mempunyai kedudukan bagi masyarakat dan saling berhubungan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan serta mempunyai peran yang sangat penting karena tanah merupakan sumber kesejahteraan, kemakmuran, dan kehidupan. Permasalahan pada penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana pengaturan tentang kedudukan tanah ulayat berdasarkan UUPA No. 5 Tahun 1960, bagaimana status kepemilikan tanah ulayat desa partibi lama dan bagaimana hambatan terhadap pengakuan tanah ulayat di desa partibi lama. Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan jenis data sekunder terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier serta menggunakan metode analisis secara kualitatif yang merupakan analisis data yang tidak menggunakan angka melainkan memberi gambaran-gambaran (deskripsi) dengan kata-kata atas temuan-temuan karena penelitian ini bertitik tolak dari peraturan-peraturan yang ada sebagaimana norma hukum positif. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakikatnya pengaturan tentang kedudukan tanah ulayat dalam perundang-undangan yang terkait, mengatur dan berkorelasi dengan tanah ulayat beranekaragam mulai dari Undang-Undang Dasar, Ketetapan MPR, Undang-Undang, Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional. Status kepemilikan sebelum berlakunya UUPA terdapat hak milik atas tanah, yaitu hak milik menurut Hukum Adat dan hak milik menurut KUH Perdata (BW), Kepemilikan Tanah Ulayat Desa Partibilama berdasar pada tanah yang secara turun temurun leluhur Marga Munthe sekitar tahun 1600-an. Hambatan Pengakuan tidak adanya Payung Hukum terhadap Masyarakat Adat seperti Rancangan Undang-Undang tentang Masyarakat Adat, Rancangan Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Utara tentang Pengakuan dan Perlindungan Hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat Di Provinsi Sumatera Utara dan Rancangan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Karo tentang Pengakuan Dan Perlindungan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Karo. Land has a position in society, is interconnected and cannot be separated, and has a significant role because land is a source of welfare, prosperity, and life. The problems in this research were how to regulate the position of Ulayat Land based on UUPA (Basic Agrarian Law) No. 5 of 1960, what the status of Ulayat Land ownership in Partibi Lama Village, and what the obstacles to recognition of Ulayat Land in Partibi Lama Village. This research used a normative legal method with secondary data types consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials by using a qualitative analysis method, which was data analysis that did not use numbers but provided descriptions with words throughout the findings because this research started from existing regulations such as positive legal norms. The research results showed essencely, the regulations regarding the position of Ulayat Land in the related legislation, regulating, and correlating with Ulayat land vary, starting from the Constitution, MPR (People's Consultative Assembly) Decrees, Laws, Regulations of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency. The ownership status before the UUPA (Basic Agrarian Law) enactment contained ownership rights to land, namely ownership rights based on Customary Law and ownership rights based on the Civil Code (BW). Partibilama Village Ulayat Land Ownership was based on the land passed down from generation to generation by the Munthe Clan ancestors around the 1600s. Obstacles to Recognition were in the absence of Legal Protection towards Indigenous Communities such as the Draft Law concerning Indigenous Communities, Draft Regional Regulations of North Sumatra Province concerning Recognition and Protection of the Rights of Customary Law Communities in North Sumatra Province, and Draft Regional Regulations of Karo Regency concerning Recognition and Protection of Customary Law Communities Karo.