Penegakan Hukum Pidana dalam Upaya Pemberantasan Illegal Fishing di Selat Malaka

Abstract

Indonesia sebagai pemilik sebagian perairan Selat Malaka telah menetapkan perairan tersebut sebagai salah satu Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia (WPPNRI), yaitu WPPNRI 571. Tingkat eksploitasi sumber daya ikan di Selat Malaka sudah cukup tinggi, bahkan telah masuk dalam kategori fully exploited dan over exploited, atau overfishing. Gejala overfishing sangat erat kaitannya dengan peningkatan praktek illegal fishing. Tindak pidana illegal fishing di perairan Selat Malaka tidak hanya dilakukan oleh kapal ikan asing namun juga dilakukan oleh kapal-kapal ikan Indonesia. Kasus illegal fishing di Selat Malaka telah banyak diputus di Pengadilan Negeri Medan, namun illegal fishing di perairan Selat Malaka masih saja terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji kebijakan penegakan hukum pidana dan pertanggungjawaban pidana Illegal fishing di perairan Selat Malaka melalui penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konsep dan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia telah menetapkan kebijakan penegakan hukum pidana dalam upaya pemberantasan illegal fishing di seluruh Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia dengan undang- undang perikanan. Selat Malaka merupakan salah satu dari sejumlah wilayah perikanan di Indonesia, yaitu WPPNRI 571. Sehingga kebijakan penegakan hukum pidana dalam upaya pemberantasan illegal fishing di Selat Malaka seluruhnya dilaksanakan dengan berpedoman pada undang-undang perikanan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Indonesia, as the owner of part of the waters of the Malacca Strait, has designated these waters as one of the Republic of Indonesia's State Fisheries Management Areas (WPPNRI), namely WPPNRI 571. The level of exploitation of fish resources in the Malacca Strait is quite high, and has even been included in the fully exploited and over exploited categories, or overfishing. The symptoms of overfishing are closely related to the increase in illegal fishing practices. The crime of illegal fishing in the waters of the Malacca Strait is not only carried out by foreign fishing vessels but also by Indonesian fishing vessels. Many cases of illegal fishing in the Malacca Strait have been decided in the Medan District Court, but illegal fishing in the waters of the Malacca Strait still occurs. This research aims to find out and examine criminal law enforcement policies and criminal liability for illegal fishing in the waters of the Malacca Strait through normative legal research using statutory, concept and case approaches. The research results show that Indonesia has established a criminal law enforcement policy in an effort to eradicate illegal fishing in all Fisheries Management Areas of the Republic of Indonesia with the fisheries law. The Strait of Malacca is one of a number of fishing areas in Indonesia, namely WPPNRI 571. So the criminal law enforcement policy in efforts to eradicate illegal fishing in the Strait ofMalacca is entirely implemented based on the fisheries laws in force in Indonesia.