Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Terhadap Proses Lelang Benda Jaminan Hutang Piutang Yang Diberikan Debitur Kepada Kreditur (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Medan Nomor 239/Pdt.G/2021/Pn.Mdn)

Abstract

Permasalahan hutang-piutang antara kreditur dan debitur sering kali tidak berjalan sesuai perjanjian kredit, sehingga kreditur mengambil alih jaminan debitur. Namun dalam praktiknya, kreditur seringkali melakukan eksekusi hak tanggungan secara sepihak tanpa persetujuan debitur yang bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Hak Tanggungan, sehingga menimbulkan kerugian bagi debitur dan menjadi perbuatan melawan hukum. Adapun permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana proses pengajuan lelang benda jaminan hutang piutang dari debitur kepada kreditur, bagaimana hambatan-hambatan terhadap proses lelang benda jaminan hutang piutang dari debitur kepada kreditur, serta bagaimana pertimbangan hakim terhadap proses lelang benda jaminan hutang piutang yang diberikan debitur kepada kreditur berdasarkan Putusan Nomor 239/Pdt.G/2021/PN.Mdn. Adapun metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif dengan data sekunder yang diperoleh secara studi kepustakaan (library research) dan wawancara. Kemudian, data diolah dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa proses pengajuan lelang benda jaminan hutang piutang dari debitur kepada kreditur beracuan pada ketentuan Pasal 6 Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan, namun dalam praktiknya proses ini sering terhambat oleh beragam faktor, baik dari segi yuridis maupun non-yuridis, yang menyulitkan pelaksanaan lelang, mengakibatkan penundaan, konflik, dan kerumitan dalam mengalihkan kepemilikan benda jaminan. Pertimbangan hakim terhadap proses lelang dalam Putusan Nomor 239/Pdt.G/2021/PN.Mdn pada dasarnya sudah memenuhi prinsip kepastian hukum, namun belum mencerminkan teori keadilan dan keseimbangan karena hakim seharusnya memperhatikan keadilan dan kemanfaatan, tidak hanya kepastian hukum semata, serta memberikan kesempatan kepada penggugat untuk mencari solusi terbaik sebelum lelang dilaksanakan. Debts and receivables problems between creditors and debtors often do not proceed according to the credit agreement, so the creditor takes over the debtor's collateral. However, in practice, creditors often execute mortgage rights unilaterally without the debtor's consent, which is contrary to the Mortgage Rights Law, thereby causing losses for the debtor and becoming an unlawful act. The problems in this research are the process of submitting an auction for collateral for debts from debtors to creditors, what are the obstacles to the auction process for collateral for debts and receivables from debtors to creditors, and how the judge considers the auction process for collateral for debts and receivables given by debtors to creditor based on Decision Number 239/Pdt.G/2021/PN.Mdn. This research method uses a type of normative legal research with secondary data obtained through library research and interviews. Then, the data is processed using qualitative analysis. The research results show that the process of submitting an auction for collateral for debts and receivables from debtors to creditors refers to the provisions of Article 6 of Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights, but in practice this process is often hampered by various factors, both from a juridical and non-juridical perspective. , which makes it difficult to hold auctions, resulting in delays, conflicts and complications in transferring ownership of collateral objects. The judge's consideration of the auction process in Decision Number 239/Pdt.G/2021/PN.Mdn basically fulfills the principle of legal certainty, but does not yet reflect the theory of justice and balance because the judge should pay attention to justice and benefit, not just legal certainty, and provide opportunity for the plaintiff to find the best solution before the auction is held.