Tinjauan Yuridis Hukum Administrasi Negara terhadap Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Kepentingan Umum Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 19 Tahun 2021

Abstract

Sistem pengelolaan tanah di Indonesia telah berkembang, hadirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 Tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 Tentang Cipta Kerja Menjadi Undang-Undang memprakarsai lahirnya suatu badan yang berfungsi untuk mengelola tanah di Indonesia yaitu Badan Bank Tanah. Pada Pasal 125 ayat (4) Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 Tentang Cipta Kerja menjelaskan bahwa “Badan bank tanah berfungsi melaksanakan perencanaan, perolehan, pengadaan, pengelolaan, pemanfaatan, dan pendistribusian tanah”. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Normatif-Empiris dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian perundang-undangan, penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder ditambah dengan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa terdapat 3 nilai dasar dari hukum yang kemudian dikenal dengan cita hukum, yaitu: keadilan, kegunaan, dan kepastian hukum. Sebagai nilai dasar yang harus dipenuhi, maka instrumen pengaturan bank tanah yang akan datang harus mampu mengakomodasi terpenuhinya ketiga nilai dasar tersebut. Pemenuhan terhadap nilai keadilan diperlukan untuk menciptakan keseimbangan hak dan kewajiban antara para pihak yang terlibat dalam penyelenggaraan bank tanah. Pemenuhan terhadap nilai kepastian hukum ditujukan agar negara menjamin adanya kepastian hukum dalam wujud peraturan perundang-undangan yang secara spesifik mengatur penyelenggaraan bank tanah di Indonesia. Adapun nilai kemanfaatan dimaksudkan bahwa segala yang terdapat dalam penyelenggaraan bank tanah harus memberikan manfaat yang besar, khususnya untuk kemakmuran rakyat. The land management system in Indonesia has developed, the presence of Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation initiated the birth of an agency whose function is to manage land in Indonesia, namely the Land Bank Agency. In Article 125 paragraph (4) of Law Number 11 of 2020 Concerning Job Creation it explains that "The land bank agency has the function of carrying out planning, acquisition, procurement, management, utilization and distribution of land".This research is a normative-empirical research using a statutory research approach, the data source for this research uses secondary data sources coupled with data collection methods in the form of interviews, data analysis in this study uses qualitative analysis. Based on the results of the study, the land bank has a strategic role as an instrument for national land management, particularly in relation to land tenure and stewardship so that it can achieve the greatest possible prosperity for the people. This is also reinforced by the practice of land banking which has been successfully implemented in various developed countries to systematically deal with various land problems, for example the use of undeveloped land, abandoned or abandoned land which is considered to have potential for development so that it becomes more productive. Whereas there are 3 (three) basic values of law which are later known as legal ideals, in which law must fulfill these basic values, namely: justice, usefulness (zweckmaszigkeit), and legal certainty. As a basic value that must be met, the future land bank regulation instrument must be able to accommodate the fulfillment of these three basic values. Fulfillment of the value of justice is needed to create a balance of rights and obligations between the parties involved in the administration of a land bank. Fulfillment of the value of legal certainty is intended so that the state guarantees legal certainty in the form of laws and regulations that specifically regulate the implementation of land banks in Indonesia. The benefit value means that all the efforts contained in the implementation of a land bank must provide great benefits, especially for the greatest prosperity of the people.