Efikasi beberapa Pestisida Nabati terhadap Hama Gudang Kutu Beras (Sitophilus oryzae)

Abstract

Beras merupakan makanan pokok masyarakat Indonesia. Untuk meningkatkan produksi beras, dibutuhkan penanganan pascapanen yang baik. Kerugian pascapanen dapat disebabkan oleh serangga hama Sitophilus oryzae mencapai 24%. Upaya mengurangi serangan hama dapat menggunakan pestisida nabati, karena residu dari pestisdia nabati mudah hilang dan relatif aman bagi manusia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Dinas Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura yang berlokasi di Jl. Jenderal Besar A.H. Nasution Kec. Medan Johor, Kota Medan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap non faktorial yang terdiri dari 13 taraf perlakuan, yaitu : P0 = Tanpa Perlakuan, PSW1 = Daun Serai Wangi 10 gr, PSW2 = Daun Serai Wangi 20 gr, PSW3 = Daun Serai Wangi 30 gr, PJP1 = Daun Jeruk Purut 10 gr, PJP2 = Daun Jeruk Purut 20 gr, PJP3 = Daun Jeruk Purut 30 gr, PDS1 = Daun Sirsak 10 gr, PDS2 = Daun Sirsak 20 gr, PDS3 = Daun Sirsak 30 gr, PDP1 = Daun Pandan 10 gr, PDP2 = Daun Pandan 20 gr, PDP3 = Daun Pandan 30 gr. Variabel pengamatan meliputi : persentase mortalitas imago dan morfologi imago, jumlah larva, jumlah pupa, jumlah imago, dan konsumsi pakan S. oryzae. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan insektisida nabati berpengaruh sangat nyata dalam mengendalikan hama S. oryzae. Pestisida nabati dari daun pandan merupakan perlakuan yang terbaik dalam mengendalikan hama S. oryzae dengan persentase mortalitas mencapai 100%. Pestisida nabati daun pandan dengan dosis 30 g merupakan yang paling efektif dalam mengendalikan hamsa kutu beras (S. oryzae) diikuti oleh pesnab daun sirsak dan daun perut. Nilai LD50 dari pestisida nabati daun sirsak adalah 17,1 g dan daun pandan adalah 11,46 g. Nilai LT50 dari pestisida nabati daun sirsak adalah 35,16 hari dan daun pandan adalah 27,09 hari. Perlakuan PDP3 (daun pandan dosis 30 g) merupakan perlakuan yang terbaik terhadap mortalitas hama S. oryzae. The rice is one of the staple foods of the Indonesian people. To increase rice production, good postharvest handling is needed. Post-harvest losses can be caused by the insect pest Sitophilus oryzae up to 24%. Efforts to reduce pest attacks can use vegetable pesticides, because residues from vegetable pesticides are easily lost and relatively safe for humans. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Department of Food Crops and Horticulture located on Jl. Great General A.H. Nasution Kec. Medan Johor, Medan City. This research method used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design consisting of 13 levels of treatment, namely: P0 = No Treatment, PSW1 = 10 gr Lemongrass Leaves, PSW2 = 20 gr Citronella Leaves, PSW3 = 30 gr Citronella Leaves, PJP1 = Fragrant Lemongrass Leaves Kaffir lime 10 gr, PJP2 = Kaffir lime leaf 20 gr, PJP3 = Kaffir lime leaf 30 gr, PDS1 = soursop leaf 10 gr, PDS2 = soursop leaf 20 gr, PDS3 = soursop leaf 30 gr, PDP1 = pandan leaf 10 gr, PDP2 = Pandan Leaf 20 gr, PDP3 = Pandan Leaf 30 gr. Observation variables included: percentage of imago mortality and imago morphology, number of larvae, number of pupae, number of imagos, and feed consumption of S. oryzae. The results showed that vegetable insecticides had a very significant effect on controlling S. oryzae pests. Botanical pesticides from pandan leaves are the best treatment for controlling S. oryzae pests with a mortality rate of up to 100%. The pandan leaf pesticide at a dose of 30 g was the most effective in controlling rice aphid (S. oryzae) followed by soursop leaf and belly leaf pesticides. The LD50 value of the soursop leaf vegetable pesticide is 17.1 g and pandan leaf is 11.46 g. The LT50 value of soursop leaf vegetable pesticide was 35.16 days and pandan leaf was 27.09 days. PDP3 treatment (pandan leaf dose of 30 g) was the best treatment in controlling S. oryzae pests.