Kajian Karakteristik Vegetatif dan Generatif Hibrida Kelawa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq. x Elaeis oleifera) Asal Ekuador di PPKS Marihat

Abstract

Tanaman kelapa sawit merupakan tanaman monokotil berumah satu dimana terdapat bunga jantan dan bunga betina dalam satu pohon. Kemunculan bunga kelapa sawit berada pada pangkal pelepah, rata-rata waktu pada tahap perkembangan bunga berbeda. (1) Uji T-Test sex ratio berbeda tidak nyata. Pengamatan vegetatif meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang rachis, tebal petiola, jumlah anak daun, anak daun. Sedangkan pengamatan generatif meliputi perkembangan buah dan bunga. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun percobaan PPKS Marihat dan di kebun Bah Jambi Siantar. Waktu penelitian dimulai bulan April sampai dengan Agustus 2023. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melngeltahui karaktelristik velgeltatif dan gelnelratif kellapa sawit Ellaelsis guinelelnsis dan Ellaelsis olelifelra asal Elkuador yang dikolelksi di PPKSMarihat. (2) Metode yang digunakan deskriptif dengan model kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan varietas yang berbeda memberikan hasil yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan generatif dan vegetatif tanaman kelapa sawit. Foto-foto yang ditampilkan mengacu pada standart BBCH (Biologische Bundensartalt Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) terhadap tahap perkembangan bunga. (3) Hasil uji T-test menunjukkan bahwa nilai sex ratio terima H0 (berbeda tidak nyata), sedangkan panjang rachis, tebal petiola, cross section petiola (LxT), jumlah anak daun 1 sisi, panjang dan lebar anak daun, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun fronts, leaf area dan total leaf area memberi pengaruh tolak H0 (berbeda nyata). Oil palm plants are monocotyledonous plants where there are male flowers and female flowers in one tree. The emergence of oil palm flowers is at the base of the frond, the average time at the flower development stage is different. (1) The T-test sex ratio is not significantly different. Vegetative observations include plant height, number of leaves, rachis length, petiole thickness, number of leaflets, and leaflets. While generative observations include fruit and flower development. The research was conducted in the experimental garden of PPKS Marihat and the garden of Bah Jambi Siantar. The research time began in April to August 2023. This study aims to determine the vegetative and generative characteristics of Elaesis guineensis and Elaesis oleifera oil palms of Ecuador origin collected at PPKS Marihat. (2) The method used was descriptive with qualitative and quantitative models. The results showed that the use of different varieties gave different results on the generative and vegetative growth of oil palm plants. The photos shown refer to the BBCH (Biologische Bundensartalt Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) standard for the flower development stage. (3) The results of the T-test showed that the sex ratio value accepted H0 (not significantly different), while the length of the rachis, petiola thickness, petiola cross section (LxT), number of leaflets 1 side, length and width of leaflets, plant height, number of leaf fronts, leaf area and total leaf area gave the effect of rejecting H0 (significantly different).