Respon Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Terong Ungu ( Solanum Melongena L. ) Terhadap Pemberian Berbagai Mulsa Organik Dan Dosis Pupuk Npk

Abstract

Terong ( Solanum mongelena L ) adalah jenis pangan sayuran yang sangat digemari masyarakat Indonesia terbukti secara nasional pada tahun 2021 rata-rata tingkat konsumsinya besar 1,60 kg/kapita/tahun sehingga terong menjadi komoditas bernilai ekonomis tinggi untuk dibudidayakan. Produktivitas terong secara nasional di Indonesia pada tahun 2021 sebesar 676.339 ton/ha (kementrian pertanian,2022).Mulsa adalah bahan yang potensial untuk mempertahankan suhu tanah, kelembaban tanah, kandungan bahan organik, mengurangi jumlah dan kecepatan aliran permukaan, meningkatkan penyerapan air dan menekan pertumbuhan gulma. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Unicersitas Medan Area. Jalan PBSI No. 1 Medan Estate, Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang dengan ketinggian tempat 22 meter di atas permukaan laut dan jenis tanah alluvial. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu: dengan faktor pertama pemberian mulsa organik ( mulsa jerami padi, ampas tebu dan batang pisang) sedangkan faktor kedua dosis pemupukan NPK ( 42 gr/plot, 47 gr/plot dan 52 gr/plot). Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Jika hasil berbeda nyata (signifikan) akan di uji menggunakan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf kepercayaan 5%. Parameter yang diamati tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, bobot produksi tanaman per sampel dan bobot produksi tanaman per plot. Hasil penelitian Pemberian Mulsa organik berpengaruh nyata pada jumlah daun namun tidak nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, bobot produksi tanaman sampel dan bobot produksi tanaman per plot pada tanaman terong ungu (Solanum melongena L), Pemberian dosis NPK tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman terong ungu (Solanum melongena L), Kombinasi pemberian mulsa organik dan dosis NPK tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman terong ungu (Solanum melongena L). Eggplant (Solanum mongelena L) is a type of vegetable food that is very popular among Indonesian people, as proven nationally in 2021 the average consumption level is 1.60 kg/capita/year, making eggplant a high economic value commodity for cultivation. National eggplant productivity in Indonesia in 2021 will be 676,339 tonnes/ha (Ministry of Agriculture, 2022) Mulch is a potential material for maintaining soil temperature, soil moisture, organic matter content, reducing the amount and speed of surface runoff, increasing water absorption and suppressing weed growth. Mulch is a covering material for cultivated plants which is intended to maintain soil moisture and suppress the growth of weeds and diseases so that plants grow well. This research was carried out at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Medan Area University. PBSI Road No. 1 Medan Estate, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency with a height of 22 meters above sea level and alluvial soil type. This research was carried out in June- August 2023. This research used a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with two factors, namely: with the first factor being the application of organic mulch (rice straw mulch, sugar cane bagasse and banana stems) while the second factor was the dose of NPK fertilizer ( 42 gr/plot, 47 gr/plot and 52 gr/plot). The research data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). If the results are significantly different, they will be tested using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a confidence level of 5%. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, plant production weight per sample and plant production weight per plot. The results of the research: Providing organic mulch had a significant effect on the number of leaves but not significantly on plant height, number of branches, sample plant production weight and plant production weight per plot on purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L). Dosing NPK had no significant effect on growth and production. purple eggplant plants (Solanum melongena L), The combination of organic mulch and NPK dosage did not have a significant effect on the growth and production of purple eggplant plants (Solanum melongena L).