Collaborative Governance Desa Tangguh Bencana Dalam Kesiapsiagaan Erupsi Gunung Sinabung Di Desa Gung Pinto Kabupaten Karo

Abstract

Bencana terjadi ketika ancaman bertemu dengan kerentanan, yang dapat meningkatkan risiko dan dampaknya. Tingginya kerentanan tanpa kapasitas yang memadai akan memperbesar potensi bencana. Untuk mengelola kerentanan secara sistematis, salah satu pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah pembentukan Desa Tangguh Bencana (Destana). Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan tata kelola kolaboratif (collaborative governance) di Desa Gung Pinto, Kabupaten Karo dalam kesiapsiagaan menghadapi erupsi Gunung Sinabung dengan fokus melihat pada proses kolaborasi. Guna mendekati masalah ini dipergunakan acuan teori Chris Ansell dan Alison Gash (2008). Data-data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan melalui teknik wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi, yang dianalisis secara kualitatif deskriptif. Proses kolaborasi dimulai dengan face-to-face dialogue melalui forum formal (MUSREMBANGDes) dan non-formal (Runggu Desa) meskipun tidak rutin. Tahap selanjutnya adalah trust building terdapat usaha-usaha untuk membangun rasa percaya di antara para pemangku kepentingan, diikuti dengan commitment to process dapat dilihat dalam menyusun dokumen pengkajian seperti Sistem Peringatan Dini, Rencana Kontinjensi, dan Rencana Penanggulangan Bencana. Proses shared understanding dilakukan melalui sosialisasi dan simulasi dokumen yang menghasilkan pemahaman akan peran dan tugas masing-masing pihak. Sebagai intermediate outcome, Desa Gung Pinto mencapai tingkat Pratama dalam penilaian Ketangguhan Desa Tangguh Bencana pada 2020 dan kini dalam proses pengembangan ke tingkat Madya. Hasil lainnya mencakup penyusunan tiga dokumen strategis, serta peningkatan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan kesadaran masyarakat dalam kesiapsiagaan menghadapi bencana. kinerja Destana akan lebih baik apabila dapat menciptakan collaborative governance melalui proses yang tepat Disasters occurred when threats met vulnerabilities, which could increase risks and their effects. High vulnerability without adequate capacity would increase the potential for disasters. To manage vulnerability systematically, one of the approaches taken was the establishment of Disaster Resilient Villages (Destana). This research aimed to explain collaborative governance in Gung Pinto Village, Karo Regency in preparedness for the eruption of Mount Sinabung, with a focus on observing the collaboration process. To approach this issue, the theory of Chris Ansell and Alison Gash (2008) was used. The data in this research were collected through interviews, documentation, and observation techniques, which were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The collaboration process began with face-to-face dialogue through formal (MUSREMBANGDes) and non-formal forums (Runggu Desa), although not regularly. The next stage was trust building where efforts were made to build trust among stakeholders, followed by commitment to the process which could be seen in the drafting of assessment documents such as the Early Warning System, Contingency Plan, and Disaster Management Plan. The shared understanding process was carried out through socialization and simulation of documents which resulted in an understanding of the roles and responsibilities of each party. As an intermediate outcome, Gung Pinto Village reached the Pratama level in the Disaster Resilient Village resilience assessment in 2020 and was currently in the process of developing to the Madya level. Other results included the drafting of three strategic documents, as well as increased community knowledge, skills, and awareness in disaster preparedness. The performance of Destana would be better if collaborative governance could be created through the proper process.