Kepastian Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa Pertanahan Terhadap Tumpang Tindih Sertifikat Hak Milik atas Tanah (Studi Kasus Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Simalungun)

Abstract

Permasalahan tumpang tindih sertifikat hak milik atas tanah sering kali menjadi faktor kurangnya kepastian hukum dan keadilan bagi pemegang hak atas tanah. Akibatnya, sengketa ini dapat berlarut-larut dan menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum bagi para pihak yang bersengketa, serta mengganggu ketertiban masyarakat. Penelitian ini mengkaji apa saja yang menjadi faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya tumpang tindih sertifikat hak milik atas tanah di kantor Badan Pertanahan Kabupaten Simalungun, dan yang menjadi mekanisme penyelesaian sangketa pertanahan terhadap tumpang tindih sertifikat hak milik atas tanas serta kepastian hukum dalam penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan, khususnya terkait kasus tumpang tindih sertifikat hak milik atas tanah di Kabupaten Simalungun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitianhukum empiris, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumentasi di Kantor BPN Kabupaten Simalungun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tumpang tindih sertifikat disebabkan oleh faktor internal seperti keterbatasan pemetaan digital dan sumber daya, serta faktor eksternal seperti perubahan wilayah administratif dan kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat. Mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa dilakukan sesuai Peraturan Menteri ATR/BPN No. 21 tahun 2020, meliputi tahapan pengkajian hingga penerbitan keputusan pembatalan. Upaya menjamin kepastian hukum dilakukan melalui penerapan asas publikasi negatif bertendensi positif, penggunaan yurisprudensi MA, implementasi pemetaan digital, dan Program PTSL. Meskipun menghadapi tantangan, upaya-upaya ini telah menunjukkan hasil positif dalam mengurangi dan mencegah kasus tumpang tindih sertifikat di Kabupaten Simalungun. The problem of overlapping land ownership certificates often became a factor ausing the lack of legal certainty and justice for land rights holders. Consequently, this dispute could be prolonged and caused legal uncertainty for disputing parties, as well as disrupted public order. This research examined the factors causing overlapping land ownership certificates at the National Land Agency Office of Simalungun Regency, the dispute resolution mechanism regarding overlapping land ownership certificates, and legal certainty in land dispute resolution, particularly related to overlapping land ownership certificates in Simalungun Regency. The research method used was empirical legal research, data were collected through in-depth interviews and documentation studies at the BPN Office of Simalungun Regency. The results showed that overlapping certificates were caused by internal factors such as the limitation of digital mapping and resources, as well as external factors such as changes in administrative regions and lack of public awareness. The dispute resolution mechanism was carried out in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of ATR/BPN No. 21 of 2020, including the stages of study to the issuance of a cancellation decision. Efforts to ensure legal certainty were carried out through the application of the negative publication principle with positive tendencies, the use of Supreme Court jurisprudence, the implementation of digital mapping, and the PTSL Program. Although facing challenges, these efforts had shown positive results in reducing and preventing overlapping certificate cases in Simalungun Regency.