Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Kacang Kedelai Hitam (Glycine soja (L) Merrit) terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Hayati Bioneensis dan Mulsa Jerami Padi

Abstract

Kedelai hitam (Glycine soja (L) Merrit) adalah komoditas tanaman pangan terpenting ketiga setelah padi dan jagung. Kedelai berperan sebagai sumber protein nabati yang sangat penting dalam rangka peningkatan gizi masyarakat karena aman bagi kesehatan dan harganya yang murah. Pupuk hayati (biofertilizer) adalah pupuk yang mengandung organisme hidup, khususnya mikroorganisme yang dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan produksi suatu tanaman baik kualitas ataupun kuantitasnya. Mulsa adalah bahan atau material yang digunakan untuk menutupi permukaan tanah atau lahan pertanian yang berfungsi untuk menekan pertumbuhan gulma, mempertahankan agregat tanah dari hantaman air hujan, memperkecil erosi permukaan tanah, mencegah penguapan air, melindungi tanah dari terpaan sinar matahari, dan dapat membantu memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah terutama struktur tanah sehingga memperbaiki stabilitas agregat tanah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Lahan Percobaan UMA dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAK) Faktorial dengan 2 faktor perlakuan antara lain Aplikasi Pupuk Hayati Bioneensis (B) terdiri atas 4 taraf dan Mulsa Jerami padi yang terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan. Pemberian pupuk hayati Bioneensis tidak berpengaruh nyata pada jumlah cabang primer, umur berbunga, berat polong basah per sampel, berat polong basah per plot, berat polong kering per sampel, berat polong kering per plot, jumlah polong per sampel, jumlah polong per plot dan berat 100 biji kering. Namun, berpengaruh nyata pada tinggi tanaman kedelai hitam (Glycine soja (L) Merrit).Pemberian mulsa jerami padi berpengaruh tidak nyata pada umur berbunga, berat polong basah per sampel, berat polong basah per plot, berat polong kering per sampel, berat polong kering per plot, jumlah polong per sampel, jumlah polong per plot dan berat 100 biji kering. Namun, berpengaruh nyata pada tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang primer kedelai hitam (Glycine soja (L) Merrit) sedangkan Kombinasi pemberian pupuk hayati Bioneensis dan mulsa jerami padi berpengaruh tidak nyata pada umur berbunga, berat polong basah per sampel, jumlah polong per sampel, jumlah polong per plot dan berat 100 biji kering. Namun, berpengaruh nyata pada tinggi tanaman ,jumlah cabang primer, berat polong basah per plot, berat polong kering per sampel dan berat polong kering per plot kedelai hitam (Glycine soja (L) Merrit). Black soybean (Glycine soja (L) Merrit) is the third most important food crop commodity after rice and corn. Soybeans play a role as a very important source of vegetable protein in order to improve community nutrition because it is safe for health and its price is cheap. Biofertilizer is a fertilizer containing living organisms, especially microorganisms that are used to increase the production of a plant both in quality and quantity. Mulch is a material or material used to cover the surface of the soil or agricultural land that functions to suppress weed growth, maintain soil aggregates from rainwater impacts, minimize soil surface erosion, prevent water evaporation, protect the soil from sunlight exposure, and can help improve the physical properties of the soil especially soil structure so as to improve the stability of soil aggregates. This research was conducted in the UMA Experimental Field using a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (RAK) with 2 treatment factors, namely the Application of Bioneensis (B) Biofertilizer consisting of 4 levels and Rice Straw Mulch consisting of 4 treatment levels. The application of Bioneensis biofertilizer did not significantly affect the number of primary branches, flowering age, wet pod weight per sample, wet pod weight per plot, dry pod weight per sample, dry pod weight per plot, number of pods per sample, number of pods per plot and weight of 100 dry seeds. However, it significantly affected the height of black soybean plants (Glycine soja (L) Merrit). The application of rice straw mulch did not significantly affect the flowering age, wet pod weight per sample, wet pod weight per plot, dry pod weight per sample, dry pod weight per plot, number of pods per sample, number of pods per plot and weight of 100 dry seeds. However, it significantly affected the height of plants and the number of primary branches of black soybeans (Glycine soja (L) Merrit) while the combination of Bioneensis biofertilizer and rice straw mulch did not significantly affect the flowering age, wet pod weight per sample, number of pods per sample, number of pods per plot and weight of 100 dry seeds. However, it has a significant effect on plant height, number of primary branches, wet pod weight per plot, dry pod weight per sample and dry pod weight per plot of black soybean (Glycine soja (L) Merrit).