Keanekaragaman Gulma pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Tanah Gambut dan Mineral (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui spesies gulma yang dominan pada perkebunan kelapa sawit di tanah gambut dan mineral. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PTPN IV Desa Perkebunan Ajamu 1, Kecamatan Panai Hulu, Kabupaten Labuhanbatu pada bulan Juli 2023. Penelitian menggunakan metode observasi deskriptif dan identifikasi gulma dengan menggunakan aplikasi plantlet atau google lens. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu pada lahan gambut Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PTPN 4 Desa Ajamu I, Kecamatan Panai Hulu, Kabupaten Labuhanbatu ditemukan gulma berdaun lebar sebanyak 9 spesies dan 6 Famili, gulma berdaun sempit sebanyak 3 spesies dan 2 famili, teki- tekian sebanyak 2 spesies dan 1 famili, pakis-pakisan sebanyak 2 spesies dan 2 famili serta rumput-rumputan sebanyak 7 spesies dan 1 famili. Gulma pada lahan gambut didominasi oleh Panicum repens L. sebanyak 70 dengan SDR 16,81% dan Stenochlaena palustris sebanyak 36 dengan SDR 9,92% sedangkan gulma terendah yaitu Caperonia palustris dan Elaeis gueinensis sebanyak 1 dengan SDR 1,51%. Pada tipe tanah mineral yang ditemukan terdiri dari gulma berdaun lebar sebanyak 14 spesies dan 11 Famili, gulma berdaun sempit sebanyak 1 spesies dan 1 famili, teki-tekian sebanyak 2 spesies dan 2 famili, paku pakuan sebanyak 5 spesies dan 4 famili serta rumput- rumputan sebanyak 9 spesies dan 2 famili. Gulma yang mendominasi yaitu Leersia virginica sebanyak 52 jenis dengan SDR 17,66% dan Andrographis paniculata sebanyak 48 jenis dengan SDR 13,84% sedangkan gulma terendah yaitu Clidemia hirta, Spathiphyllum sensation, Melastoma malabathricum, Psidium guajava, Ampelopsis, dan Cyperus brevifolius sebanyak 1 dengan SDR 1,51%. The aim of this research is to determine the dominant weed species in oil palm plantations on peat and mineral soils. This research was conducted at PTPN IV Ajamu 1 Village, Panai Hulu District, Labuhanbatu Regency in July 2023. The research used descriptive observation methods and weed identification using the plantlet or Google Lens application. The results of this research are that in the peatlands of the PTPN 4 Oil Palm Plantation, Ajamu I Village, Panai Hulu District, Labuhanbatu Regency, 9 species and 6 families of broad-leafed weeds were found, 3 species and 2 families of narrow-leafed weeds, 2 species and 2 species of riddles. 1 family, 2 species and 2 families of ferns and 7 species and 1 family of grasses. Weeds on peatlands were dominated by 70 Panicum repens L. with an SDR of 16.81% and 36 Stenochlaena palustris with an SDR of 9.92%, while the lowest weeds were Caperonia palustris and Elaeis gueinensis 1 with an SDR of 1.51%. In the mineral soil types found, there were 14 species and 11 families of broad-leafed weeds, 1 species and 1 family of narrow-leafed weeds, 2 species and 2 families of riddles, 5 species and 4 families of ferns and grasses. as many as 9 species and 2 families. The weeds that dominate are Leersia virginica with 52 types with an SDR of 17.66% and Andrographis paniculata with 48 types with an SDR of 13.84%, while the lowest weeds are Clidemia hirta, Spathiphyllum sensation, Melastoma malabathricum, Psidium guajava, Ampelopsis, and Cyperus brevifolius with 1 with an SDR of 1.51%.