Review Artikel: Keanekaragaman Berbagai Jenis Gulma Diperkebunan Kelapa Sawit

Abstract

Tanaman yang sedang dalam masa pertumbuhan akan lebih membutuhkan banyak unsur hara, baik unsur hara makro maupun unsur hara mikro. Tanaman kelapa sawit sendiri merupakan salah satu tanaman perkebunan yang mendominasi di Indonesia. Kehadiran gulma yang berlebihan dalam lingkungan pertumbuhan tanaman kelapa sawit akan memberikan dampak yang negatif terhadap penurunan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi tandan buah segar (TBS), gangguan selama periode pertumbuhan tanaman, mengakibatkan meningkatnya serangan hama dan penyakit pada tanaman kelapa sawit, gangguan pada saluran drainase sekitar tanaman dan juga biaya yang menjadi banyak bertambah. Variasi jenis gulma dipengaruhi oleh metode penanaman, densitas tanaman, kesuburan tanah serta teknik pengolahan tanah yang diterapkan. Setiap tumbuhan memiliki kandungan kimia dan manfaat tersendiri, khususnya dalam penggunaannya. Ada berbagai jenis gulma yang berada di sekitar area perkebunan kelapa sawit, yaitu gulma dengan jenis berdaun sempit, gulma berdaun lebar, gulma teki-tekian dan gulma pakis-pakisan. Plants that are in the growing period will need more nutrients, both macro and micro nutrients. Oil palm plants themselves are one of the dominant plantation crops in Indonesia. The presence of excessive weeds in the growing environment of oil palm plants will have a negative impact on the decline in the quality and quantity of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) production, disruption during the growth period of the plant, resulting in increased pest and disease attacks on oil palm plants, disruption to drainage channels around the plants and also costs that have increased a lot. The variation of weed types is influenced by planting methods, plant density, soil fertility and soil processing techniques applied. Each plant has its own chemical content and benefits, especially in its use. There are various types of weeds found around oil palm plantation areas, namely narrow-leaf weeds, broad-leaf weeds, sedge weeds and fern weeds.