Analisis Perkembangan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Penelitian ini berupaya menganalisis potensi keunggulan komoditas kelapa sawit di Provinsi Sumatera Utara, sekaligus mengevaluasi tingkat spesialisasi dan lokalisasinya. Pembahasan utama berpusat pada analisis potensi unggulan serta evaluasi tingkat spesialisasi dan penyebaran geografis perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan tujuan mendukung pengembangan sektor ini secara maksimal. Data yang digunakan berasal dari Badan Pusat Statistik dan instansi terkait lainnya, yang kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan teknik Location Quotient (LQ), Koefisien Lokalitas (α), dan Koefisien Spesialisasi (β) melalui bantuan Microsoft Excel. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa: 1) Perhitungan LQ tahun 2019–2022 memperlihatkan bahwa perkebunan kelapa sawit di Sumatera Utara menjadi sektor basis dalam hal keluasan lahan dan hasil produksi (LQ > 1), namun belum menjadi andalan utama dalam penyerapan angkatan kerja (LQ < 1). 2) Nilai Koefisien Lokalitas (α < 1) mengisyaratkan bahwa perkebunan kelapa sawit distribusinya merata di berbagai kabupaten/kota, tidak terpusat di satu area saja. 3) Koefisien Spesialisasi (β < 1) mengindikasikan bahwa belum ada kekhususan dalam pengusahaan komoditas kelapa sawit di setiap kabupaten/kota. This article aims to investigate the potential advantages of palm oil plantation commodities in the North Sumatra Province region, as well as to assess the level of specialization and distribution (localization) of this commodity. The main focus of the discussion lies in the analysis of potential advantages and the evaluation of the level of specialization and the geographical distribution of palm oil plantations to support the more optimal development of this sector. The data used were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics and various other related institutions, and were then analyzed using quantitative-descriptive methods employing the Location Quotient (LQ), Localization Coefficient (α), and Specialization Coefficient (β), with the aid of Microsoft Excel software. The results of this study indicate that: 1) The LQ values for the 2019–2022 period show that the palm oil plantation sector in North Sumatra is a basic sector based on land area and production volume indicators (LQ > 1), but has not yet become a primary sector in terms of labor absorption (LQ < 1). 2) The Localization Coefficient value (α < 1) indicates that palm oil plantations are distributed across various regencies/cities and are not concentrated in one specific area. 3) The Specialization Coefficient (β < 1) shows that there has been no specialization in palm oil cultivation in each regency/city