Analisis Komoditas Unggulan Sub-Sektor Perkebunan Di Provinsi Sumatera Utara 2019-2023

Abstract

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komoditas unggulan dalam subsektor perkebunan serta sektor basis di Provinsi Sumatera Utara, menganalisis struktur dan laju pertumbuhan produksi komoditas dalam subsektor perkebunan di Provinsi Sumatera Utara, dan menganalisis kontribusi masing-masing komoditas unggulan terhadap perekonomian Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Masalah difokuskan pada analisis struktur, pertumbuhan, dan kontribusi ekonomi. Data dikumpulkan melalui Badan Pusat Statistik dan dianalisis secara kuantitatif menggunakan rumus Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share klasik (SSA), dan Tipologi Klassen dengan bantuan Microsoft Excel. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kelapa sawit dan kopi merupakan sektor basis (LQ > 1). Perkebunan di Sumatera Utara tidak dipengaruhi pertumbuhan nasional (Nij negatif), dengan beberapa komoditas tumbuh lebih cepat (Mij positif) dan lainnya lebih lambat (Mij negatif). Hanya kelapa sawit, kakao, dan tembakau yang memiliki keunggulan kompetitif (Cij positif), sementara kinerja produksi cukup baik meskipun terdapat ketimpangan (Dij bervariasi). Berdasarkan Tipologi Klassen, kelapa sawit dan kopi masuk Kuadran I (maju dan tumbuh pesat), karet di Kuadran II (maju namun stagnan), serta kelapa, kakao, tebu, teh, dan tembakau di Kuadran III (potensial berkembang). This This article aims to analyze the leading commodities in the plantation sub-sector and the base sector in North Sumatra Province, examine the structure and growth rate of commodity production within the plantation sub-sector, and assess the contribution of each leading commodity to the economy of North Sumatra Province. The study focuses on the analysis of structure, growth, and economic contribution. Data were collected from the Central Bureau of Statistics and analyzed quantitatively using the Location Quotient (LQ) formula, classical Shift Share Analysis (SSA), and Klassen Typology with the assistance of Microsoft Excel. The findings indicate that palm oil and coffee are base sectors (LQ > 1). The plantation sector in North Sumatra is not influenced by national growth (𝑁𝑖𝑗 negative), with some commodities growing faster (𝑀𝑖𝑗 positive) while others grow more slowly (𝑀𝑖𝑗 negative). Only palm oil, cocoa, and tobacco possess a competitive advantage (𝐶𝑖𝑗 positive), while overall production performance is relatively good despite disparities (𝐷𝑖𝑗 varies). Based on the Klassen Typology, palm oil and coffee fall into Quadrant I (advanced and rapidly growing sector), rubber into Quadrant II (advanced but stagnant sector), and coconut, cocoa, sugarcane, tea, and tobacco into Quadrant III (potential for development).