Perancangan Chassis / Rangka Pada Kendaraan Mobil Listrik

Abstract

Pertumbuhan kendaraan listrik sebagai solusi ramah lingkungan memicu kebutuhan akan desain chassis yang ringan, kuat, dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang chassis kendaraan listrik prototipe yang optimal dengan memanfaatkan perangkat lunak Autodesk Inventor Professional 2025 untuk melakukan analisis pembebanan. Proses perancangan dilakukan menggunakan material besi hollow galvanis berukuran 4 × 4 cm dengan ketebalan 2 mm. Tiga variasi desain chassis dihasilkan dan dianalisis berdasarkan parameter Von Mises stress, displacement, safety factor, dan berat total chassis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ketiga desain mampu menahan beban hingga 526 kg dengan nilai tegangan maksimum yang masih berada jauh di bawah yield strength material sebesar 349,77 MPa. Nilai displacement maksimum yang diperoleh adalah 5,954 × 10⁻⁴ mm, yang menunjukkan kekakuan struktur sangat tinggi. Sementara itu, nilai safety factor keseluruhan berada di atas ambang batas aman teknik konvensional, sehingga chassis dinyatakan layak digunakan secara fungsional. Berat akhir chassis dipengaruhi oleh variasi desain, dengan desain kedua memberikan keseimbangan terbaik antara kekuatan dan bobot. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini berhasil menghasilkan rancangan chassis kendaraan listrik prototipe yang efisien, kuat, dan ringan, serta dapat dijadikan acuan dalam pengembangan kendaraan listrik di masa mendatang. The growth of electric vehicles as an environmentally friendly solution has triggered the need for chassis designs that are lightweight, strong, and efficient. This study aims to design an optimal prototype electric vehicle chassis by utilizing Autodesk Inventor Professional 2025 software to perform load analysis. The design process uses galvanized hollow iron material measuring 4 × 4 cm with a thickness of 2 mm. Three chassis design variations were produced and analyzed based on Von Mises stress, displacement, safety factor, and total chassis weight. The analysis results show that all three designs are capable of withstanding loads of up to 526 kg, with maximum stress values well below the material's yield strength of 349.77 MPa. The maximum displacement obtained was 5.954 × 10⁻⁴ mm, indicating very high structural stiffness. Meanwhile, the overall safety factor values were above the conventional engineering safety threshold, indicating that the chassis is functionally feasible. The final weight of the chassis was influenced by the design variation, with the second design offering the best balance between strength and weight. Overall, this study successfully produced an efficient, strong, and lightweight prototype electric vehicle chassis design, which can serve as a reference for future electric vehicle development.