Model Pengelolaan Berkelanjutan Agro Ekowisata Mangrove Pantai Timur Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Analisis ekologi mangrove menggunakan metode transek kuadrat, analisis kesesuaian dan daya dukung lingkungan meliputi pengamatan daya dukung ekologis, daya dukung fisik, daya dukung sebenarnya dan daya dukung efektif, analisis sosial dan ekonomi dengan deskriptif dengan penghitungan dampak ekonomi meliputi Benefit cost ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback periode (PP), serta social return on Investment (SROI) serta merancang model berkelanjutan agro-ekowisata dengan menggunakan model perangkat lunak Stella. Hasil penelitian ekologi mangrove lubuk kertang dengan indeks keanekaragaman 9 species antara lain Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora apiculata, Nypa fruticans, Avicennia sp, Sonneratia caseolaris, Xylocarpus granatum, Ceriops tagal, Bruguiera sexangula, Excoecaria agallocha dengan kerapatan total 2.628 ind/ha. Agro-ekowisata pantai mangrove Desa Sei Nagalawan Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai terdiri dari 2 species yaitu Rhizophora mucronata dan Avicennia marina dengan total kerapatan 1.051 ind/ha sedangkan keanekaragaman mangrove Pantai Sejarah Desa Perupuk Kabupaten Batubara terdapat 1 species mangrove yaitu Avicennia marin.a dengan total kerapatan 2.100 ind/ha. Nilai Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata Lubuk Kertang Kabupaten Langkat dengan nilai IKW 81,25 dan daya dukung fisik (PCC) 116.666,67 pengunjung/hari. daya dukung sebenarnya (RCC) 4166,77 pengunjung/hari. Daya dukung efektif (ECC) 625,02 pengunjung/hari. IKW Pantai Mangrove Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai 54,75 dan daya dukung PCC 32,727,27 pengunjung/hari, daya dukung RCC 1,168,86 pengunjung/hari. Daya dukung ECC 427,8 pengunjung/hari. Sedangkan Pantai Sejarah Kanupaten Batubara IKW 73,75 dan daya dukung PCC 166,666,67 pengunjung/hari. daya dukung sebenarnya RCC 5,952,53 pengunjung/hari. Dan daya dukung efektif ECC 1,095,27 pengunjung/hari. Hasil analisis sosial ekonomi Agro-ekowisata mangrove Lubuk Kertang nilai NPV Rp. 518.285.204 (-), BCR 0,3 tidak layak dan SROI -0,036. Pantai mangrove Kab. Serdang Bedagai NPV Rp. 76.078.465 (+), BCR 1, 11, IRR 13,89% dan PP 4 tahun 5 bulan 6 hari tergolong layak, SROI 0,22 rupiah sedangkan nilai NPV Rp. 403.735.635 (+), BCR 1,39, IRR 29,90% dan PP selama 3 tahun 2 bulan 29 hari dan SROI 0.81 rupiah, sub model ekonomi dan sosial berupa partisipasi masyarakat dan ekonomi berupa pendapatan. Peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat disebabkan karena adanya aktivitas ekonomi di kawasan agro-ekowisata mangrove pantai timur Sumatera Utara, sub model pengunjung, Pertumbuhan pengunjung dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kepuasan pengunjung terhadap produk wisata yang ditawarkan. Mangrove analysis using the quadratic transect method, analysis of ecological suitability and environmental carrying capacity including observations of ecological carrying capacity, physical carrying capacity, actual carrying capacity and effective carrying capacity, descriptive social and economic analysis with calculation of economic impacts including Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback period (PP), and social return on Investment (SROI) as well as designing a sustainable agro-ecotourism model using the Stella software model. Results of research on the ecology of Lubuk Kertang Serdang Bedagai Regency mangroves with a diversity index of 9 species including Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora apiculata, Nypa fruticans, Avicennia sp, Sonneratia caseolaris, logging with a total density of 2628 ind/ha. The mangrove beach agro-ecotourism of Serdang Bedagai Regency consists of 2 species, namely Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina with a total density of 1,051 ind/ha, while the diversity of the Historical Beach mangroves in Batubara Regency contains 1 species of mangrove, namely Avicennia marin.a with a total density of 2,100 ind/ha. The Lubuk Kertang Tourism Suitability Index value has an IKW value of 81.25 and a physical carrying capacity (PCC) of 116,666.67 visitors/day. actual carrying capacity (RCC) 4166.77 visitors/day. Effective carrying capacity (ECC) 625.02 visitors/day. Mangrove Beach Serdang Bedagai Regency IKW is 54.75 and PCC's carrying capacity is 32,727.27 visitors/day, RCC's carrying capacity is 1,168.86 visitors/day. ECC carrying capacity is 427.8 visitors/day. Meanwhile, the IKW is 73.75 and the PCC's carrying capacity is 166,666.67 visitors/day. RCC's actual carrying capacity is 5,952.53 visitors/day. And the effective carrying capacity of ECC is 1,095.27 visitors/day. The results of the socio-economic analysis of Lubuk Kertang mangrove agro-ecotourism have an NPV value of Rp. 518,285,204 (-), BCR 0.3 not feasible and SROI -0,036, NPV mangrove beach Rp. 76,078,465 (+), BCR 1.11, IRR 13.89% and PP 4 years 5 months 6 days classified as feasible, SROI 0.22 rupiah while NPV value Rp. 403,735,635 (+), BCR 1.39, IRR 29.90% and PP for 3 years 2 months 29 days and SROI 0.81 rupiah, economic and social sub models in the form of community participation and economics in the form of income. The increase in community welfare is due to economic activity in the mangrove agro-ecotourism area of the east coast of North Sumatra, visitor sub model. Visitor growth is influenced by the level of visitor satisfaction with the tourism products offered.