Rancang Bangun Robot Pengangkat Sampah di Sungai

Abstract

Sungai memiliki peran penting sebagai sumber air, transportasi, dan habitat ekosistem, namun pencemaran akibat penumpukan sampah, khususnya sampah plastik, semakin meningkat dan menimbulkan dampak lingkungan serius. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan membangun prototipe robot pengangkat sampah terapung di sungai berbasis mikrokontroler Arduino Uno. Sistem dirancang menggunakan sensor ultrasonik JSN-SR04T untuk mendeteksi keberadaan sampah, motor servo sebagai penggerak mekanisme ayakan, serta motor DC yang menggerakkan conveyor belt untuk memindahkan sampah ke wadah penampungan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancang bangun, meliputi tahap observasi, studi literatur, perancangan sistem, perakitan, dan pengujian di lingkungan sungai dengan arus ringan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan deteksi sensor sebesar 94,4% dan efektivitas pemindahan sampah sebesar 88,9% dengan waktu rata-rata proses 10,5 detik. Alat ini mampu bekerja otomatis, hemat energi, dan efektif dalam mengurangi sampah ringan seperti plastik, daun, dan styrofoam. Keterbatasan sistem terletak pada penanganan sampah berukuran besar dan stabilitas alat pada arus sungai yang deras. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi teknologi sederhana untuk mendukung kebersihan sungai sekaligus memberi kontribusi pada upaya pelestarian lingkungan. Rivers play a vital role as sources of water, transportation routes, and habitats for various ecosystems. However, increasing pollution caused by the accumulation of waste, especially plastic waste, has led to serious environmental impacts. This study aims to design and develop a prototype of a floating waste collector robot for rivers based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The system is equipped with a JSN-SR04T ultrasonic sensor to detect the presence of waste, servo motors to operate the filtering mechanism, and a DC motor that drives a conveyor belt to transfer the collected waste into a storage container. The research method employed is a design and build approach, consisting of observation, literature review, system design, assembly, and testing in a light-flow river environment. The test results show a sensor detection accuracy rate of 94.4% and a waste transfer efficiency of 88.9%, with an average processing time of 10.5 seconds. The prototype operates automatically, is energy-efficient, and effectively reduces light waste such as plastic, leaves, and styrofoam. The system’s limitations include handling larger waste objects and maintaining stability in strong river currents. This research is expected to serve as a simple technological solution to support river cleanliness and contribute to environmental conservation efforts.