Perancangan Asrama Mahasiswa di Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan dengan Pendekatan Ken Yeang

Abstract

Pertumbuhan jumlah mahasiswa di Kota Medan, khususnya di Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan, menimbulkan kebutuhan akan fasilitas hunian yang layak, efisien, dan berkelanjutan. Banyak mahasiswa perantau kesulitan memperoleh tempat tinggal yang nyaman, sehingga diperlukan asrama dengan konsep arsitektur ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis dengan pendekatan bioklimatik Ken Yeang, yang menekankan integrasi desain bangunan dengan iklim tropis. Tahapan penelitian meliputi studi literatur, analisis tapak, analisis kebutuhan ruang, serta penerapan prinsip arsitektur hijau melalui ventilasi silang, pencahayaan alami, penggunaan material ramah lingkungan, dan pengaturan ruang transisional. Hasil perancangan menghasilkan bangunan asrama mahasiswa empat lantai di atas lahan ±12.000 m² dengan kapasitas ±300 penghuni. Massa bangunan diarahkan utara–selatan untuk meminimalkan radiasi panas, sementara core ditempatkan di bagian tengah guna meningkatkan stabilitas struktur dan efisiensi utilitas. Fasilitas penunjang meliputi kantin, ruang belajar bersama, mushola, ruang rekreasi, laundry, klinik kecil, serta taman hijau. Desain juga memanfaatkan balkon hijau, sun shading, dan vegetasi rambat sebagai elemen bioklimatik. Perancangan ini diharapkan mampu menjadi model hunian mahasiswa yang mendukung kenyamanan, efisiensi energi, interaksi sosial, serta keberlanjutan lingkungan di kawasan perkotaan tropis. The rapid growth of the student population in Medan City, particularly in Percut Sei Tuan District, has created a high demand for adequate, efficient, and sustainable housing facilities. Many incoming students face difficulties in finding comfortable accommodation, thus requiring dormitories designed with an environmentally friendly concept. This study applies a descriptive-analytical method using Ken Yeang’s bioclimatic approach, which emphasizes the integration of building design with tropical climatic conditions. The research stages include literature review, site analysis, space requirement analysis, and the application of green architectural principles such as cross ventilation, natural lighting, ecofriendly materials, and transitional spaces. The final design proposes a four-story student dormitory on a ±12,000 m² site with a capacity of approximately 300 residents. The building mass is oriented north–south to minimize solar heat gain, while the central core improves structural stability and utility efficiency. Supporting facilities include a canteen, shared study rooms, prayer space, recreation areas, laundry, a small clinic, and green open spaces. Additional design elements, such as green balconies, passive sun-shading devices, and climbing vegetation, enhance thermal comfort and environmental performance. This project is expected to serve as a model for student housing thatpromotes comfort, energy efficiency, social interaction, and environmental sustainability in tropical urban contexts.