Efektivitas Mediasi dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Waris di Pengadilan Agama (Studi pada Pengadilan Agama Medan)

Abstract

Sengketa waris yang melibatkan hubungan kekeluargaan dekat seringkali menimbulkan konflik emosional yang dapat merusak silaturahmi. Meskipun mediasi telah diatur dalam PERMA No. 1 Tahun 2016 sebagai tahapan wajib, praktiknya masih menghadapi hambatan seperti ketidakefektifan proses mediasi dan kurangnya peran aktif mediator. Penelitian ini merumuskan tiga masalah utama yaitu pengaturan mediasi dalam penyelesaian sengketa waris di Pengadilan Agama, peran mediator dalam memediasi sengketa waris, dan efektivitas mediasi sengketa waris di Pengadilan Agama Medan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh pemahaman mengenai landasan hukum mediasi, menelaah pelaksanaan peran mediator, serta menilai efektivitas mediasi dalam praktik penyelesaian sengketa waris di lingkungan peradilan agama. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan sifat deskriptif, yang dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, sumber hukum Islam, dan doktrin-doktrin hukum yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan mediasi dalam penyelesaian sengketa waris diatur secara formal melalui peraturan perundang-undangan dan diperkuat oleh prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam. Peran mediator sangat penting dalam menciptakan suasana musyawarah dan mendorong tercapainya perdamaian. Namun demikian, efektivitas mediasi masih terbatas karena adanya hambatan berupa ketidaksiapan para pihak, hubungan emosional yang rumit, serta kurangnya pemahaman terhadap mekanisme mediasi. Meskipun demikian, mediasi tetap memiliki potensi besar dalam menyelesaikan perkara waris secara damai apabila didukung oleh komitmen para pihak dan pelaksanaan yang optimal. Inheritance disputes involving close family relationships often trigger emotional conflicts that may damage kinship ties. Although mediation has been regulated under Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) No. 1 of 2016 as a mandatory stage, its implementation still encounters obstacles such as the ineffectiveness of the mediation process and the lack of active involvement by mediators. This research formulates three main issues: the regulation of mediation in resolving inheritance disputes in the Religious Court, the role of mediators in handling such disputes, and the effectiveness of mediation in inheritance cases at the Religious Court of Medan. The objective of this study is to gain an understanding of the legal basis of mediation, examine the implementation of the mediator’s role, and assess the effectiveness of mediation in the settlement of inheritance disputes within the religious judicial system. The research method employed is normative juridical with a descriptive approach, conducted through literature study of legislation, Islamic legal sources, and relevant legal doctrines. The findings indicate that mediation in inheritance disputes is formally regulated through statutory provisions and reinforced by Islamic legal principles. The mediator plays a crucial role in fostering deliberation and encouraging reconciliation. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of mediation remains limited due to obstacles such as the parties’ unpreparedness, complex emotional relations, and lack of understanding of the mediation mechanism. Even so, mediation still holds significant potential to resolve inheritance disputes peacefully, provided that it is supported by the parties’ commitment and optimal implementation.