Penanganan Sengketa Tanah Overlapping Melalui Mediasi (Studi Pada Kantor Pertanahan Kota Medan)

Abstract

Sengketa Tanah Overlapping merupakan sengketa tanah yang masih sering terjadi ketika dua atau lebih sertifikat hak milik memiliki data yuridis yang berbeda tetapi data fisiknya sama. Perumusan masalah penelitian ini meliputi bagaimana pengaturan mediasi dalam penanganan sengketa tanah, bagaimana kendala dan tantanagan dalam proses mediasi sengketa tanah overlapping, dan bagaimana mekanisme penanganan sengketa overlapping di Kantor Pertanahan Kota Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pengumpulan data secara kepustakaan dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa pengaturan mediasi dalam penanganan sengketa tanah diatur dalam Perataturan Menteri ATR/KBPN Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan. Kendala dan tantangan yang dihadapi dalam proses mediasi sengketa tanah overlapping mencakup proses pengumpulan dokumen yang lambat, kurangnya kemampuan komunikasi antara para pihak, keinginan untuk menguasai tanah, ketidakhadiran dalam mediasi dan keterbatasan pendekatan mediator terhadap pihak. Penanganan sengketa tanah overlapping dilakukan dengan tahap pengkajian, gelar awal, penelitian, ekspos hasil penelitian, rapat koordinasi, gelar akhir dan penyelesaian. Pengaturan mengenai penanganan sengketa tanah pada Pasal 54 perlu disempurnakan untuk memperjelas sanksi bagi pelanggar prosedur dan memastikan peraturan serta implementasi rekomendasi. Untuk mengatasi kendala dalam penanganan, perlu adanya keterampilan komunikasi mediator untuk meningkatkan pendekatan yang lebih komprehensif. Kantor Pertanahan Kota Medan sebaiknya perlu melakukan evaluasi proses mediasi yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efektivitas mediasi dalam penanganan sengketa tanah. Overlapping land disputes refer to land conflicts that frequently arise when two or more certificates of ownership contain disparate legal data despite sharing identical physical data. This study addresses three primary research questions: how mediation is regulated in land disputes resolution, the obstacles and challenges encountered in mediating overlapping land disputes, and the mechanism employed by the Medan City Land Office in handling such disputes. A normative juridical research method was utilized, incorporating data collection through literature review and interviews. The findings indicate that the regulation of land dispute mediation is governed by Ministerial Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2020 concerning the Handling and Settlement of Land Cases. The obstacles and challenges faced in land disputes include delays in document collection, inadequate communication skills among parties, disputes over land control, non-appearance in mediation, and limitations in the mediator's approach. The handling of overlapping land disputes is conducted through a structured process comprising several stages, including review, initial hearing, investigation, presentation of research findings, coordination meeting, final hearing, and resolution. Pursuant to Article 54 of the aforementioned Regulation, further refinement is necessary to clarify sanctions for procedural violations and ensure the enforcement and implementation of recommendations. To address challenges in handling land disputes, mediators require enhanced communication skills to adopt a more comprehensive approach. The Medan City Land Office is advised to evaluate the mediation process to improve the effectiveness of mediation in resolving land dispute.