Kebijakan Penanggulangan Over Capacity Guna Pencegahan Kekerasan di Dalam Rumah Tahanan (Studi di Rutan Kelas 1 Medan)

Abstract

Penelitian ini membahas kebijakan penanggulangan over capacity sebagai upaya pencegahan kekerasan di dalam Rumah Tahanan (Rutan) Kelas I Medan. Permasalahan yang dikaji meliputi: bagaimana implementasi kebijakan penanggulangan over capacity dalam mencegah kekerasan antarwarga binaan; apa saja faktor pendukung dan penghambat pelaksanaan kebijakan tersebut; serta bagaimana efektivitas kebijakan penataan regulasi, penguatan kelembagaan, dan pemenuhan sarana-prasarana dalam menekan angka kekerasan di dalam rumah tahanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif, yang memposisikan hukum sebagai fenomena sosial (law in action) dan tidak hanya sebagai norma tertulis. Sifat penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitis, yaitu menggambarkan kondisi objektif di lapangan sekaligus menganalisis hubungan antara kebijakan over capacity dan dinamika sosial yang terjadi di dalam rutan. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan penanggulangan over capacity telah dilakukan melalui redistribusi penghuni, optimalisasi pembinaan, dan koordinasi antarinstansi, namun masih menghadapi kendala berupa keterbatasan anggaran, sarana-prasarana yang minim, dan struktur kelembagaan yang birokratis. Faktor pendukung berupa komitmen petugas dan inovasi internal rutan turut membantu menekan potensi kekerasan. Secara keseluruhan, kebijakan penataan regulasi, penguatan kelembagaan, dan pemenuhan sarana prasarana memberikan kontribusi dalam mengurangi risiko kekerasan, meskipun efektivitasnya masih belum optimal dan memerlukan peningkatan berkelanjutan. This study discusses the policy of overcrowding as an effort to prevent violence in the Class I Detention Center (Rutan) Medan. The issues studied include: how the overcrowding policy is implemented in preventing violence between inmates; what are the supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of the policy; and how effective are the policies of regulatory arrangement, institutional strengthening, and provision of infrastructure in reducing the number of violence in detention. This study uses an empirical legal research with a qualitative approach, which positions law as a social phenomenon (law in action) and not only as a written norm. The nature of this research is descriptive analytical, namely describing objective conditions in the field while analyzing the relationship between the overcrowding policy and the social dynamics that occur in detention. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the overcrowding policy has been carried out through the redistribution of inmates, optimization of guidance, and coordination between agencies, but still faces obstacles such as budget limitations, minimal facilities and infrastructure, and bureaucratic institutional structures. Supporting factors such as officer commitment and internal innovation in detention also help reduce the potential for violence. Overall, regulatory reform, institutional strengthening, and infrastructure provision contribute to reducing the risk of violence, although their effectiveness remains suboptimal and requires continuous improvement.