Efektivitas Program Rehabilitasi Pecandu Narkotika Dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana (Studi Pada Perkumpulan Fokus Rehabilitasi Narkotika Indonesia, Medan Marindal)

Abstract

Penyalahgunaan narkotika merupakan permasalahan serius yang berdampak luas terhadap individu, keluarga, dan masyarakat, sehingga diperlukan upaya penanggulangan yang komprehensif, salah satunya melalui program rehabilitasi. Rehabilitasi bagi pecandu narkotika juga menjadi bagian penting dalam sistem hukum pidana Indonesia yang lebih menekankan pendekatan pemulihan dibandingkan pemidanaan semata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas Program Rehabilitasi pecandu narkotika dalam perspektif hukum pidana, dengan studi pada Perkumpulan Fokus Rehabilitasi Narkotika Indonesia di Medan Marindal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum Yuridis empiris. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan didukung oleh bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Pelaksanaan program rehabilitasi di Perkumpulan Fokus Rehabilitasi Narkotika Indonesia telah sesuai dengan Undang-Undang No. 35 Tahun 2009 melalui tahapan asesmen,rehabilitasi medis dan sosial. Efektivitas pelaksanaan program rehabilitasi di Perkumpulan Fokus Rehabilitasi Narkotika In- donesia dinilai cukup efektif yang ditunjukkan melalui perubahan perilaku klien, peningkatan kesehatan fisik dan mental, kemampuan bersosialisasi kembali, serta rendahnya tingkat pengulangan penyalahgunaan narkotika setelah menjalani pro- gram rehabilitasi. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya masih ditemukan beberapa kendala internal berupa kualitas sumber daya manusia, keterbatasan sarana prasa- rana, dan anggaran lembaga, serta kendala eksternal seperti, kurangnya dukungan keluarga dan ekonomi keluarga, serta kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang konsep rehabilitasi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan peningkatan antar lembaga dan apa- rat negara, sumber daya manusia dan fasilitas lembaga rehabilitasi yang lebih efisien dan peningkatan dukungan keluarga serta pemahaman tentang pentingnya rehabilitasi baik dari keluarga maupun masyarakat agar pelaksanaan rehabilitasi dapat berjalan lebih optimal dan sesuai dengan tujuan hukum pidana dan Undang- Undang narkotika yang berorientasi pada keadilan dan kemanusiaan. Drug abuse is a serious problem that has a wide impact on individuals, families, and communities, so comprehensive efforts are needed to overcome it, one of which is through a rehabilitation program. Rehabilitation for drug addicts is also an important part of the Indonesian criminal law system which emphasizes a recovery approach rather than just punishment. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program for drug addicts from a criminal law perspective, by studying the Indonesian Narcotics Rehabilitation Focus Association in Medan Marindal. The research method used is empirical juridical legal research. Data were obtained through interviews and supported by primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The implementation of the rehabilitation program at the Indonesian Narcotics Rehabilitation Focus Association has been in accordance with Law No. 35 of 2009 through stages of assessment, medical and social rehabilitation. The effectiveness of the rehabilitation program at the Indonesian Narcotics Rehabilitation Focus Association is considered quite effective, as demonstrated by changes in client behavior, improved physical and mental health, the ability to resocialize, and a low rate of relapse into drug abuse after undergoing the rehabilitation program. However, several internal obstacles were still encountered in its implementation, including the quality of human resources, limited infrastructure, and institutional budgets, as well as external obstacles such as lack of family and economic support, and a lack of community understanding of the concept of rehabilitation. Therefore, it is necessary to improve inter-institutional and state apparatus, human resources and rehabilitation institution facilities that are more efficient, and to increase family support and understanding of the importance of rehabilitation from both families and the community so that rehabilitation can run more optimally and in accordance with the objectives of criminal law and the Narcotics Law, which are oriented towards justice and humanity.