Kinerja Program Pemberian Makanan Tambahan dalam Pencegahan Stunting di Kecamatan Medan Timur

Abstract

Stunting merupakan permasalahan gizi kronis yang berdampak jangka panjang terhadap kualitas sumber daya manusia dan menjadi prioritas pembangunan kesehatan di Indonesia. Salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam pencegahan dan penanganan stunting adalah melalui Program Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) yang ditujukan bagi balita dan ibu hamil berisiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja pemerintah Kecamatan Medan Timur dalam melaksanakan Program Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) dalam pencegahan dan penanganan stunting. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian meliputi aparatur pemerintah kecamatan, petugas puskesmas, kader posyandu, serta masyarakat penerima manfaat program. Analisis kinerja program didasarkan pada indikator kinerja publik menurut Dwiyanto, yaitu produktivitas, kualitas layanan, responsivitas, akuntabilitas, dan efisiensi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja pemerintah Kecamatan Medan Timur dalam pelaksanaan Program PMT secara umum telah berjalan cukup baik, yang ditandai dengan adanya penurunan prevalensi stunting dari tahun 2022 hingga 2024. Program PMT dinilai berkontribusi positif dalam meningkatkan asupan gizi balita dan ibu hamil serta mendukung upaya pencegahan dan penanganan stunting. Namun demikian, pelaksanaan program masih menghadapi sejumlah kendala, antara lain keterbatasan sumber daya, penurunan cakupan penerima manfaat, belum optimalnya validasi data sasaran, serta rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat di beberapa wilayah kelurahan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan koordinasi lintas sektor, peningkatan kualitas pendataan, serta pemberdayaan masyarakat secara berkelanjutan agar pelaksanaan Program PMT dapat berjalan lebih efektif dan merata. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan masukan bagi pemerintah daerah dalam meningkatkan kinerja program penanggulangan stunting di tingkat kecamatan. Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that has long-term impacts on the quality of human resources and has become a priority in Indonesia’s public health development agenda. One of the government’s strategic efforts to prevent and address stunting is the implementation of the Supplementary Feeding Program (Program Pemberian Makanan Tambahan/PMT) targeting under-five children and pregnant women at nutritional risk. This study aims to analyze the performance of the Medan Timur District Government in implementing the Supplementary Feeding Program for the prevention and management of stunting. This research employed a qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The research informants consisted of district government officials, health center personnel, posyandu cadres, and community members who were beneficiaries of the program. The analysis of program performance was based on public performance indicators proposed by Dwiyanto, namely productivity, service quality, responsiveness, accountability, and efficiency.The results indicate that the performance of the Medan Timur District Government in implementing the Supplementary Feeding Program has generally been satisfactory, as reflected in the declining trend of stunting prevalence from 2022 to 2024. The program has contributed positively to improving the nutritional intake of under-five children and pregnant women, thereby supporting efforts to prevent and manage stunting. Nevertheless, several challenges remain, including limited resources, a declining coverage of program beneficiaries, suboptimal validation of target data, and low community participation in certain sub-district areas. Therefore, strengthening cross-sectoral coordination, improving data accuracy, and enhancing sustainable community empowerment are necessary to ensure the program’s effectiveness and equitable implementation. This study is expected to provide valuable input for local governments in improving the performance of stunting reduction programs at the district level.