Peran Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum Provinsi Sumatera Utara dalam Penanganan Pelanggaran Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2024

Abstract

Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum (Bawaslu) Provinsi Sumatera Utara memegang peran kunci menjaga integritas Pemilu 2024 melalui pencegahan, pengawasan, dan penanganan pelanggaran. Studi ini menganalisis efektivitas implementasi Peraturan Bawaslu (Perbawaslu) No. 7 Tahun 2022 tentang penanganan temuan dan laporan, Perbawaslu No. 8 Tahun 2022 tentang penyelesaian pelanggaran administratif, serta Perbawaslu No. 3 Tahun 2023 tentang Sentra Penegakan Hukum Terpadu (Gakkumdu). Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah yuridis-empiris deskriptif dengan studi dokumen dan wawancara terstruktur terhadap pengawas pemilu, dianalisis secara kualitatif-deduktif. Hasil menunjukkan mekanisme formal registrasi, kajian awal/akhir, klarifikasi, klasifikasi jenis pelanggaran, serta putusan/rekomendasi telah dijalankan sesuai koridor peraturan. Namun, efektivitas masih dipengaruhi keterbatasan SDM, tantangan pembuktian terutama pada dugaan politik uang, serta kepatuhan tenggat dan pelacakan tindak lanjut. Riset ini merekomendasikan penguatan chain of evidence berbasis berkas perkara, peningkatan kapasitas SDM dan koordinasi Gakkumdu, serta transparansi publikasi putusan untuk memperkuat kepastian hukum dan efek jera. Temuan berkontribusi pada perumusan perbaikan tata kelola penanganan pelanggaran di provinsi dengan intensitas kasus tinggi dan dapat direplikasi pada konteks daerah lain. The General Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) of North Sumatra Province plays a key role in safeguarding the integrity of the 2024 Election through prevention, supervision, and handling of violations. This study analyzes the effectiveness of implementing Bawaslu Regulation (Perbawaslu) No. 7 of 2022 on the handling of findings and reports, Perbawaslu No. 8 of 2022 on the resolution of administrative violations, and Perbawaslu No. 3 of 2023 on the Integrated Law Enforcement Center (Sentra Gakkumdu). The approach used is descriptive juridical-empirical, employing document studies and structured interviews with election supervisors, analyzed qualitatively and deductively. The results show that formal mechanisms for registration, preliminary/final review, clarification, classification of violation types, as well as decisions/recommendations have been carried out in accordance with regulatory provisions. However, effectiveness is still influenced by human resource limitations, evidentiary challenges—particularly in cases of alleged money politics—as well as compliance with deadlines and follow-up tracking. This research recommends strengthening the chain of evidence based on case files, improving human resource capacity and Gakkumdu coordination, and ensuring transparency in the publication of decisions to reinforce legal certainty and deterrent effects. The findings contribute to formulating improvements in the governance of election violation handling in provinces with a high intensity of cases and may be replicated in other regional contexts.