Upaya Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Kurator dalam Proses Pemberesan Harta Pailit Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang Kepailitan (Studi pada HKPI- Koordinatoriat Wilayah Medan)

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran krusial organisasi kurator dalam sistem hukum kepailitan di Indonesia, kurator memegang peranan sentral dalam proses pemberesan harta pailit karena menjalankan kewenangan hukum yang luas berdasarkan putusan pengadilan. Namun, kewenangan tersebut menempatkan kurator pada posisi yang rentan terhadap gugatan perdata, laporan pidana, dan tuduhan etik, meskipun tindakan yang dilakukan merupakan pelaksanaan tugas yang sah. Meskipun demikian, perlindungan hukum bagi kurator dalam menjalankan tugasnya masih menghadapi tantangan signifikan. Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang dan Kepailitan (PKPU) dinilai masih memiliki kelemahan dalam mengatur secara komprehensif pertanggungjawaban dan batasan kewenangan kurator, sehingga seringkali menimbulkan gugatan hukum terhadap mereka. Berdasarkan hal tersebut rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu: Pertama, bagaimana pengaturan hukum mengenai kedudukan, kewenangan, dan tanggung jawab kurator dalam proses pemberesan harta pailit; Kedua, Bagaimana peran organisasi kurator dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap kurator yang menghadapi risiko hukum dalam proses pemberesan harta pailit; dan Ketiga, Apa kendala yang dihadapi dalam upaya perlindungan hukum terhadap kurator, baik dari aspek pengaturan perundang-undangan maupun dari aspek kelembagaan organisasi curator. Adapun metode penelitian yang dugunakan yaitu yuridis normative, dengan instrument pengumpulan data observasi, studi dokumentasi dan wawancara dan analisis datanya menggunakan analasis deskriptif analisis. Hasil kajian ini menunjukan bahwa: aturan hukum mengenai perlindungan hukum terhadap curator dalam pemberesan harta pailit di Indonesia. Organisasi kurator berupaya memberikan perlindungan, baik secara preventif melalui edukasi dan penyusunan kode etik, maupun represif melalui advokasi dan bantuan hukum. Serta seringkali terhambat oleh keterbatasan wewenang dan sumber daya, sehingga efektivitas perlindungan hukum menjadi terbatas. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan regulasi dan kelembagaan guna memperkuat perlindungan hukum terhadap kurator. This study aims to analyze the crucial role of the trustee organization within Indonesia’s bankruptcy legal system. Trustees play a central role in the liquidation of bankrupt assets because they exercise broad legal authority based on court rulings. However, this authority places trustees in a vulnerable position regarding civil lawsuits, criminal complaints, and ethical allegations, even when their actions constitute the legitimate performance of their duties. Nevertheless, legal protection for trustees in the performance of their duties still faces significant challenges. Law No. 37 of 2004 on the Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations and Bankruptcy (PKPU) is considered to still have weaknesses in comprehensively regulating the liability and limitations of trustees’ authority, thereby frequently leading to legal actions against them. Based on the foregoing, the research questions in this study are as follows: First, what are the legal provisions regarding the status, authority, and responsibilities of a trustee in the process of liquidating bankruptcy assets; Second, what is the role of the curator organization in providing legal protection to curators facing legal risks in the process of liquidating bankrupt assets; and Third, what obstacles are encountered in efforts to provide legal protection to curators, both from the perspective of statutory regulations and from the institutional perspective of the curator organization. The research method used is normative legal analysis, with data collection instruments including observation, document review, and interviews, and data analysis employing descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that: legal provisions regarding legal protection for trustees in the administration of bankruptcy estates in Indonesia. Trustee organizations strive to provide protection, both preventively through education and the development of codes of ethics, and repressively through advocacy and legal aid. However, these efforts are often hindered by limited authority and resources, thereby limiting the effectiveness of legal protection. This study recommends strengthening regulations and institutional frameworks to enhance legal protection for trustees.