Evaluasi Kebijakan Program Pencegahan Stunting Di Kecamatan Galang Kabupaten Deli Serdang

Abstract

Evaluasi Kebijakan Program Pencegahan Stunting di Kecamatan Galang Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Tesis Program Studi Magister Administrasi Publik, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Medan Area Medan.Stunting merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang membutuhkan perhatian serius karena berdampak pada pertumbuhan fisik dan perkembangan kognitif anak, terutama di daerah dengan tingkat kesadaran gizi yang rendah dan akses pelayanan kesehatan yang terbatas. Kecamatan Galang, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, merupakan salah satu wilayah yang menghadapi tantangan signifikan dalam upaya pencegahan stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kebijakan program pencegahan stunting yang telah diterapkan di wilayah ini dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis kebijakan publik berbasis teori evaluasi kebijakan Joseph S. Wholey, yang mencakup aspek efektivitas, efisiensi, relevansi, responsivitas, dan keberlanjutan. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini, melalui wawancara mendalam dengan stakeholder terkait, observasi lapangan, dan analisis dokumen kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa hambatan utama dalam pelaksanaan program mencakup kurangnya edukasi masyarakat tentang pentingnya gizi seimbang, keterbatasan infrastruktur kesehatan seperti Posyandu dan Puskesmas, serta lemahnya koordinasi antar-stakeholder. Selain itu, faktor budaya, seperti mitos yang berkaitan dengan pola makan, juga memperparah situasi. Berdasarkan temuan ini, penelitian merekomendasikan beberapa langkah strategis. Pertama, peningkatan edukasi masyarakat berbasis budaya lokal yang melibatkan tokoh masyarakat untuk mengurangi pengaruh mitos dan meningkatkan pemahaman tentang gizi. Kedua, perbaikan infrastruktur kesehatan, termasuk memperluas akses terhadap layanan kesehatan bagi masyarakat di daerah terpencil. Ketiga, penguatan koordinasi antar-pihak, seperti pemerintah, lembaga kesehatan, dan masyarakat, untuk meningkatkan sinergi dalam pelaksanaan program. Keempat, pemanfaatan teknologi informasi untuk mendukung monitoring dan evaluasi program secara berkelanjutan. Dengan penerapan kebijakan yang lebih terarah, komprehensif, dan melibatkan partisipasi aktif masyarakat, diharapkan program pencegahan stunting di Kecamatan Galang dapat berjalan lebih efektif dan berhasil menurunkan prevalensi stunting secara signifikan. Evaluation of the Policy on Stunting Prevention Program in Galang Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, Thesis, Master of Public Administration Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Medan Area, Medan.Stunting is a major public health issue that requires serious attention as it affects children's physical growth and cognitive development, particularly in areas with low nutritional awareness and limited access to healthcare services. Galang District, located in Deli Serdang Regency, is one of the regions facing significant challenges in stunting prevention efforts. This study aims to evaluate the policies of the stunting prevention program implemented in this area using a public policy analysis approach based on Joseph S. Wholey policy evaluation theory, which includes aspects of effectiveness, efficiency, relevance, responsiveness, and sustainability. A qualitative approach was used in this research through in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders, field observations, and policy document analysis. The findings indicate that key obstacles in program implementation include a lack of public education on the importance of balanced nutrition, limited healthcare infrastructure such as Posyandu (integrated health posts) and Puskesmas (community health centers), and weak coordination among stakeholders. Additionally, cultural factors, such as dietary myths, further exacerbate the situation. Based on these findings, the study recommends several strategic measures. First, enhancing community education based on local cultural contexts by involving community leaders to reduce the influence of myths and improve nutritional understanding. Second, improving healthcare infrastructure, including expanding access to healthcare services for communities in remote areas. Third, strengthening coordination between various stakeholders, including the government, health institutions, and the community, to enhance synergy in program implementation. Fourth, utilizing information technology to support continuous monitoring and evaluation of the program. With the implementation of more targeted, comprehensive policies that actively involve community participation, it is expected that the stunting prevention program in Galang District can operate more effectively and significantly reduce stunting prevalence.