Analisis Integrasi Pasar Spasial Bawang Putih Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis integrasi pasar spasial bawang putih di Sumatera Utara dan Internasional serta menganalisis integrasi pasar spasial bawang putih Sumatera Utara dan provinsi sentral. Integrasi pasar spasial mencerminkan sejauhmana keterkaitan harga antarwilayah dapat saling memengaruhi dan bergerak menuju keseimbangan jangka panjang. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa data panel harga bawang putih di Sumatera Utara dan Internasional selama januari 2023 – Desember 2024 serta provinsi sentral periode Januari 2018– Desember 2024. Metode yang digunakan adalah uji Kointegrasi Johansen serta model Error Correction Model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasar bawang putih Sumatera Utara dan Internasional telah terintegrasi jangka panjang di pengaruhi oleh harga global, sementara itu pasar bawang putih Sumatera Utara dan provinsi sentral belum sepenuhnya terintegrasi, namun terintegrasi jangka pendek dengan provinsi Jambi dan terdapat hubungan jangka panjang dengan provinsi Bali. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan bagi pemerintah dalam menyusun kebijakan stabilisasi harga dan peningkatan efisiensi distribusi komoditas bawang putih antarwilayah. This study aims to analyze the spatial integration of garlic markets in North Sumatra and internationally, as well as the spatial integration of garlic markets in North Sumatra and central provinces. Spatial market integration reflects the extent to which price linkages between regions can influence each other and move towards long-term equilibrium. This study uses secondary data in the form of panel data on garlic prices in North Sumatra and internationally during January 2023–December 2024, and central provinces for the period January 2018–December 2024. The method used is the Johansen Cointegration test and the Error Correction Model. The results show that the garlic markets in North Sumatra and internationally have long-term integration influenced by global prices. Meanwhile, the garlic markets in North Sumatra and central provinces have not been fully integrated, but are short-term integrated with Jambi province and have a long-term relationship with Bali province. This study is expected to serve as a reference for the government in formulating price stabilization policies and increasing the efficiency of garlic commodity distribution between regions.