Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Dalam Perjanjian Jual Beli Apartemen Pt. Property Group Imperium (Studi Putusan Nomor 931/Pdt.Sus-BPSK/2023/PN Mdn)

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara mendalam pengaturan hukum, bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen, serta rasio decidendi hakim dalam pembatalan putusan Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) terkait sengketa jual beli apartemen pada PT. Property Group Imperium. Permasalahan utama penelitian ini berfokus pada dinamika perlindungan konsumen dalam transaksi properti yang menempatkan konsumen pada posisi rentan akibat wanprestasi pengembang, serta problematika tumpang tindih kewenangan penyelesaian sengketa antara BPSK dan Pengadilan Negeri. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif kualitatif. Data bersumber dari bahan hukum primer seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen dan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2011 tentang Rumah Susun, serta bahan hukum sekunder berupa literatur dan Putusan Nomor 931/Pdt.Sus-BPSK/2023/PN Mdn. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan dan inventarisasi riset dokumen hukum terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum konsumen dalam jual beli apartemen bertumpu pada pilar Undang-Undang Rumah Susun yang mewajibkan kepastian status tanah dan progres pembangunan minimal 20% sebelum penandatanganan perjanjian pengikatan jual beli (PPJB). Namun, dalam studi kasus Putusan Nomor 931/Pdt.Sus-BPSK/2023/PN Mdn, Majelis Hakim membatalkan putusan Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen akibat adanya cacat formil terkait pelanggaran asas ne bis in idem secara prosedural dan ketidaklengkapan pihak (plurium litis consortium) karena tidak melibatkan pihak perbankan. Kesimpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa efektivitas perlindungan konsumen sangat bergantung pada ketepatan prosedur litigasi, kepatuhan terhadap norma hukum acara, serta pemenuhan itikad baik oleh para pihak guna menjamin kepastian hukum. This research aims to analyze in depth the legal regulations, forms of legal protection for consumers, and the judge's ratio decidendi in the annulment of the Consumer Dispute Resolution Board (BPSK) decision regarding an apartment sale and purchase dispute at PT. Property Group Imperium. The main problem of this research focuses on the dynamics of consumer protection in property transactions that place consumers in a vulnerable position due to developer default, as well as the problematic overlap of dispute resolution authority between BPSK and the District Court. The research method applied is normative juridical with a qualitative descriptive specification. Data are sourced from primary legal materials such as Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Law Number 20 of 2011 concerning Flats, as well as secondary legal materials in the form of literature and Decision Number 931/Pdt.Sus-BPSK/2023/PN Mdn. Data collection techniques were carried out through literature studies and an inventory of related legal document research. The results show that consumer legal protection in apartment sales and purchases rests on the pillars of the Flats Law, which requires certainty of land status and a minimum construction progress of 20% before the signing of the Binding Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB). However, in the case study of Decision Number 931/Pdt.Sus-BPSK/2023/PN Mdn, the Panel of Judges annulled the BPSK decision due to formal defects related to the violation of the ne bis in idem principle procedurally and the incompleteness of parties (plurium litis consortium) for not involving the banking institution. The research conclusion emphasizes that the effectiveness of consumer protection depends heavily on the accuracy of litigation procedures, compliance with procedural law norms, and the fulfillment of good faith by the parties to ensure legal certainty.