Eksplorasi Dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Endofit Asal Daun Tanaman Nilam (Pogostemon Cablin Benth.) Sebagai Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat

Abstract

Bakteri endofit merupakan mikroorganisme yang hidup di dalam jaringan tanaman tanpa menimbulkan gejala penyakit dan berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai biofertilizer ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi, mengidentifikasi, dan mengevaluasi kemampuan bakteri endofit asal daun nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.). sebagai kandidat biofertilizer pelarut fosfat. Isolasi dilakukan melalui sterilisasi permukaan daun dan penanaman pada media Nutrient Agar (NA), dilanjutkan dengan karakterisasi morfologi koloni dan pewarnaan Gram. Uji patogenisitas dilakukan menggunakan metode reaksi hipersensitif pada daun Mirabilis jalapa, sedangkan uji pelarutan fosfat dilakukan pada media Pikovskaya dengan perhitungan Indeks Pelarutan Fosfat (IPF). Dari 16 potongan daun diperoleh 11 isolat bakteri endofit dengan karakteristik morfologi yang beragam. Uji hipersensitif menunjukkan 5 isolat bersifat nonpatogen dan 6 isolat patogen. Dari 5 isolat nonpatogen tersebut, tiga isolat mampu membentuk zona bening yang menunjukkan kemampuan melarutkan fosfat. Isolat BEDNG 7 dan BEDNG 9 menunjukkan nilai Indeks Pelarutan Fosfat tertinggi sebesar 2,2 yang tergolong tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteri endofit asal daun nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen pelarut fosfat dalam mendukung pertanian berkelanjutan. Endophytic bacteria are microorganisms that live in plant tissues without causing symptoms of disease and have the potential to be used as environmentally friendly biofertilizers. This study aims to isolate, identify, and evaluate the ability of endophytic bacteria of patchouli leaf origin (Pogostemon cablin Benth.). as a candidate for phosphate solvent biofertilizer. Isolation was carried out through sterilization of the leaf surface and planting on Nutrient Agar (NA) media, followed by colony morphological characterization and Gram staining. The pathogenicity test was carried out using the hypersensitive reaction method on Mirabilis jalapa leaves, while the phosphate dissolution test was carried out on Pikovskaya media with the calculation of the Phosphate Solubization Index (PSI). From 16 leaf pieces, 11 isolate of endophytic bacteria with diverse morphological characteristics were obtained. The hypersensitivity test showed 5 isolates were non-pathogenic and 6 were pathogenic. Of the 5 non-pathogenic isolates, three are able to form a clear zone that shows the ability to dissolve phosphate. BEDNG 7 and BEDNG 9 isolates showed the highest Phosphate Dissolution Index value of 2.2 which was relatively high. The results of the study show that endophytic bacteria derived from patchouli leaves (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) have the potential to be developed as phosphate solvent agents in support of sustainable agriculture.