Tawhid of The Sky and Tawhid of The Earth: Theological Reflections of the People of Medan Post-Natural Disaster

Abstract

This study explores the theological reflections of Medan city's residents following a natural disaster, focusing on the application of tawhid of the sky (the relationship between humans and God) and tawhid of the earth (the relationship between humans, others, and nature) in addressing ecological and social crises. It emphasizes the need for a holistic religious understanding to mitigate the impacts of increasingly frequent natural disasters and to enhance community ties with God and nature, thereby fostering social solidarity. The research uses a qualitative case study design with in-depth interviews with religious leaders, local officials, volunteers, and affected residents, supplemented by literature studies including the Qur'an, Hadith, and relevant Tafsir. Data analysis employs the interactive model by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, with source triangulation to validate findings. Results reveal that the flood disaster in Medan prompted deep theological reflections, increasing awareness of the importance of spiritual relationships with God and responsibilities towards nature and others. The disaster is seen as a divine test and an opportunity to boost social and ecological awareness, also strengthening social solidarity through actions based on religious values. Challenges remain in implementing these principles in public policy and sustainable practices. Integration of tawhid values into disaster mitigation policies, environmental management, and community empowerment is recommended. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals in enhancing disaster response and resilience strategies, highlighting that effective multi-sector partnerships are crucial for comprehensive recovery and long-term community resilience.