Phytochemical Analysis of Local Balakka (Phyllanthus emblica L.) Bark and Leaves Using GC-MS

Abstract

This study analyzed the phytochemical constituents in the bark and leaves of local Phyllanthus emblica L. Bioactive substances in the ethanol extract using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Analysis of the bark extract revealed abundant phytochemical compounds, including 1,2,3-benzenetriol; cyclohexanone, 5-(1-hydroxy-2-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-, (R*, S*) -(±)-; 9-octadecanoic acid (Z)-; trans-traumatic acid; n-hexadecanoic acid; hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-; oleic acid; and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester. All compounds were detected between 7.067 and 16.389 minutes. In addition, the leaf extract contained 5-tert-butylpyrogallol; 7-methyl-Z-tetradecen-1-ol acetate; 10-methyl-8-tetradecen-1-ol acetate; n-hexadecanoic acid; hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-; oleic acid; 9-octadecenamide (Z)-; and vitamin E, with detection times ranging from 7.033 to 31.236 minutes. The most common compounds identified were 1,2,3-benzenetriol (34.88%) in the bark and 5-tert-butylpyrogallol (24.39%) in the leaves. These results highlighted the potential of Phyllanthus emblica L. as a source of bioactive compounds, recommending further pharmacological and toxicological studies to explore their therapeutic applications.