Design and Contruction of a Smart Contruction Miniature Model Featuring a Solar Energy System and Light-Sensor-Based Lighting Automation

Abstract

The rapid evolution of the modern construction and architectural sectors demands the seamless integration of smart technologies focused on energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. Conventional building infrastructures remain heavily dependent on centralized power grids powered predominantly by non-renewable fossil fuels. Beyond inflating the operational carbon footprint, manual control of building illumination frequently results in substantial electrical energy wastage due to human oversight and delays in turning off fixtures when ambient daylight is sufficient. Driven by the global paradigms of Smart Buildings and Green Building standards, the deployment of renewable energy harvesting systems—specifically solar photovoltaics (PV)—has become a pivotal strategy in modern architectural design. Situated along the equator, Indonesia possesses abundant solar irradiance potential throughout the entire year. Integrating rooftop or facade photovoltaic arrays allows civil structures to generate decentralized clean electricity, thereby advancing progress toward Zero Energy Building (ZEB) benchmarks.