Implementasi Penyelesaian Sengketa Pertanahan Melalui Mediasi oleh Kantor Pertanahan Kota Medan

Abstract

Permasalahan tanah yang timbul belakangan ini, semakin kompleks, penyebabnya tidak sebatas aspek ekonomi saja, melainkan sosial dan budaya bahkan juga agama. Untuk itu, isu penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan non litigasi khususnya mediasi menjadi hal yang sangat menarik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah applied law research yang menggabungkan dua penelitian hukum normatif-empiris. Titik anjak penelitian ini sendiri berangkat dari masalah: Pertama, bagaimana tipologi sengketa pertanahan di kota Medan? Kedua, bagaimana penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan melalui mediasi oleh Kantor Pertanahan Kota Medan? dan Ketiga, bagaimana kendala dalam penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan melalui mediasi di Kantor Pertanahan Kota Medan? Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Pertama, tipologi sengketa pertanahan yang terjadi di kota Medan didasari masalah, penguasaan dan pemilikan tanah, prosedur penetapan hak dan pendaftaran tanah, batas dan/atau letak bidang tanah, tanah objek land reform, pengadaan tanah, dan pelaksanaan putusan pengadilan; Kedua, penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan melalui mediasi oleh Kantor Pertanahan Kota Medan berpedoman pada Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang No. 21 Tahun 2020 tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan bertalian dengan Keputusan Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 34 Tahun 2007 Tentang Petunjuk Teknis Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Masalah Pertanahan Jo. Petunjuk teknis No. 05/Juknis/d.v/2007 tentang Mekanisme Pelaksanaan Mediasi; Ketiga, kendala dalam penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan melalui mediasi di Kantor Pertanahan Kota Medan dapat dilihat dari aspek, subtansi hukum, struktur hukum dan kultur hukum. Untuk itu, disarankan agar terdapat beberapa perbaikan: Pertama, peraturan perundang-undangan, yaitu terkait pembentukan aturan hukum yang mempedomani pelaksanaan penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan melalui mediasi secara integral dan komprehensif; Kedua, sumber daya manusia (peace maintanance), dalam hal ini mediator harus memiliki kapasitas dan kualitas yang mumpuni; Ketiga, kultur hukum, dalam hal ini peningkatan kesadaran hukum masyarakat. Land problems that have arisen lately are increasingly complex, the causes are not limited to economic aspects, but also social and cultural and even religious. For this reason, the issue of non-litigation land dispute resolution, especially mediation, is very interesting. The research method used is applied law research which combines two normative-empirical legal studies. The starting point of this research itself starts from the following problems: First, what is the typology of land disputes in the city of Medan? Second, how to resolve land disputes through mediation by the Medan City Land Office? and Third, what are the obstacles in resolving land disputes through mediation at the Medan City Land Office? The results showed: First, the typology of land disputes that occurred in the city of Medan was based on problems, land tenure and ownership, procedures for determining land rights and registration, boundaries and/or location of land parcels, land reform objects, land acquisition, and implementation of court decisions; Second, the settlement of land disputes through mediation by the Medan City Land Office based on the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning No. 21 of 2020 concerning Handling and Settlement of Land Cases is related to the Decree of the Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 34 of 2007 concerning Technical Guidelines for Handling and Settlement of Land Problems Jo. Technical Instructions No. 05/Juknis/d.v/2007 concerning Mechanism for Implementation of Mediation; Third, the obstacles in resolving land disputes through mediation at the Medan City Land Office can be seen from the aspects, legal substance, legal structure and legal culture. For this reason, it is recommended that there are several improvements: First, the laws and regulations, which are related to the formation of legal rules that guide the implementation of land dispute resolution through mediation in an integral and comprehensive manner; Second, human resources (peace maintenance), in this case the mediator must have qualified capacity and quality; Third, legal culture, in this case increasing public legal awareness.