Inventarisasi Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Bawang Merah Allium ascalonicum L. Pasca Aplikasi Mikoriza Arbuskular dan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis dan gejala serangan hama dan penyakit yang menyerang pada tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) pasca aplikasi mikoriza arbuskular dan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Medan Sinemba, Dusun 1, kecamatan Tanjung Merawa, Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial, dengan 7 tingkat taraf perlakuan yaitu : A0 = Tanpa perlakuan, A1 = Aplikasi PGPR dengan dosis 20 ml/l air, A2 = Aplikasi PGPR dengan dosis 30 ml/l air, A3 = Aplikasi PGPR dengan dosis 40 ml/l air, A4 = 5g/m2 inokula FMA ( 50kg ha 1), A5 = 10g/m2 inokula FMA ( 100kg ha 1) dan A6 = 15g/m2 inokula FMA ( 150kg ha 1). Parameter Pengamatan diantaranya : Tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah daun (helai), Jenis dan populasi hama yang menyerang tanaman bawang merah per plot, persentase serangan hama, jenis dan persentase serangan penyakit per plot, pengamatan kolonisasi akar FMA, identifikasi penyakit yang menyerang secara makroskopis, dan bobot kering umbi tanaman bawang merah. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini, yaitu ditemukan 2 jenis hama yaitu Spodoptera exigua dan Spodoptera litura. Perlakuan A1 = terserang hama Spodoptera exigua terbesar 10,16 % sedangkan perlakuan A0 = terserang hama Spodoptera litura terbesar 0,52%. Jenis penyakit yang menyerang tanaman bawang merah ada 3 jenis Penyakit yaitu Alternaria porri, Colletotrichum spp dan Fusarium oxysporum. Perlakuan A4 nilai persentase tertinggi pada penyakit Alternaria porri 26,05%, Colletotrichum spp 11,46%. Ditemukan penyakit Fusarium oxysporum dengan nilai persentase serangan tertinggi 18,75% pada perlakuan A5. This study aims to determine the types and symptoms of pests and diseases that attack shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) after the application of arbuscular mycorrhizae and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria. The research was conducted in Medan Sinemba Village, Dusun 1, Tanjung Merawa sub-district, Deli Serdang Regency. The method used was a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), with 7 levels of treatment, namely: A0 = No treatment, A1 = PGPR application at a dose of 20 ml/l water, A2 = PGPR application at a dose of 30 ml/l water, A3 = Application of PGPR at a dose of 40 ml/l water, A4 = 5g/m2 FMAinocula (50kg ha-1), A5 = 10g/m2 FMA inocula (100kg ha-1) and A6 = 15g/m2 FMA inocula (150kg ha- 1). Observation parameters included: plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), type and population of pests that attack shallot plants per plot, percentage of pest attacks, type and percentage of disease attacks per plot, observation FMA root colonization, identification of diseases that attack randomly macroscopic, and dry weight of shallot bulbs. The results obtained in this study were found to be 2 types of pests, namely Spodoptera exigua and Spodoptera litura. Treatment A1 = attacked by the biggest pest Spodoptera exigua 10.16% while treatment A0 = attacked by the biggest pest Spodoptera litura 0.52%. There are 3 types of diseases that attack shallot plants, namely Alternaria porri, Colletotrichum spp and Fusarium oxysporum. Treatment A4 had the highest percentage of Alternaria porri disease 26.05%, Colletotrichum spp 11.46%. Fusarium oxysporum disease was found with the highest attack percentage value of 18.75% in treatment A5.