Eksplorasi Tumbuhan Berkhasiat Obat Berbasis Pengetahuan Lokal Masyarakat Simalungun Atas

Abstract

Penelitian ini berjudul “Eksplorasi Tumbuhan Berkhasiat Obat Berbasis Pengetahuan Lokal Masyarakat Simalungun Atas” dengan tujuan mendokumentasikan keragaman jenis tumbuhan obat, bagian yang dimanfaatkan, cara pengolahan, penggunaan, nilai guna (UV), serta status konservasi menurut IUCN Red List. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga desa wilayah Simalungun Atas dengan melibatkan 5 informan kunci dan 15 responden yang dipilih secara purposive. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif serta kuantitatif menggunakan metode etnobotani dengan perhitungan Plant Part Value (PPV) dan Use Value (UV). Hasil penelitian menemukan 76 spesies tumbuhan obat dari 33 famili, dengan Zingiberaceae sebagai famili terbanyak (10 spesies). Daun merupakan bagian tumbuhan paling banyak digunakan (42%), cara pengolahan dominan direbus (47%), dan penggunaan terbanyak diminum (33%). Analisis UV menunjukkan 26 spesies memiliki nilai tinggi. Berdasarkan status konservasi, mayoritas spesies berstatus Least Concern, namun terdapat pula spesies Data Deficient dan Not Evaluated. This research, entitled “Exploration of Medicinal Plants Based on the Local Knowledge of the Upper Simalungun Community”, aims to document the diversity of medicinal plant species, the plant parts utilized, methods of preparation and application, use value (UV), and conservation status according to the IUCN Red List. The study was conducted in three villages of Upper Simalungun, involving 5 key informants and 15 respondents selected purposively. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using ethnobotanical methods, including Plant Part Value (PPV) and Use Value (UV) calculations. The results identified 76 medicinal plant species belonging to 33 families, with Zingiberaceae as the most represented family (10 species). Leaves were the most commonly used plant part (42%), boiling was the dominant preparation method (47%), and oral consumption was the most frequent form of application (33%). UV analysis showed 26 species with high values, indicating intensive use by the community. Regarding conservation status, most species were categorized as Least Concern, while several were Data Deficient and Not Evaluated.