Hubungan Antara Job Demands dengan Stres Kerja Pada guru SMAN 19 Medan

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara job demands dengan stres kerja pada guru SMAN 19 Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh guru SMAN 19 Medan yang berjumlah 60 orang dengan teknik total sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan skala job demands berdasarkan Schaufeli & Bakker (2004) yang meliputi aspek fisik, psikologis, sosial, dan peran (role-related). Sedangkan skala stres kerja berdasarkan Siegrist (Fink, 2016) yang meliputi effort, reward, dan overcommitment. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson Product Moment dengan rasio ERI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara job demands dengan stres kerja dengan nilai r = 0,226 dan p = 0,041 (p < 0,05), sehingga hipotesis penelitian diterima. Sumbangan efektif job demands terhadap stres kerja sebesar 5,1%. Hasil rasio effort-reward menunjukkan nilai ratarata 19,853 dengan skor minimum individu 1,17 (>1,0) yang menunjukkan adanya ketidakseimbangan antara effort dan reward sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan stres kerja. Selain itu, kategori sedang pada job demands yang dihadapi guru juga berkaitan dengan kecenderungan overcommitment, yaitu keterlibatan kerja yang berlebihan dan dorongan internal untuk terus memenuhi tuntutan pekerjaan. Kondisi ini membuat guru lebih rentan mengalami tekanan kerja dan memperkuat ketidakseimbangan effort-reward, sehingga mendukung munculnya stres kerja This study aims to determine the relationship between job demands and work stress among teachers at SMAN 19 Medan. This research used a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The population of this study consisted of all teachers at SMAN 19 Medan totaling 60 participants, using a total sampling technique. The research instrument used a job demands scale based on Schaufeli & Bakker (2004), which includes physical, psychological, social, and role-related aspects. Meanwhile, the work stress scale was based on Siegrist’s model (Fink, 2016), which consists of effort, reward, and overcommitment. Data analysis was conducted using the Pearson Product Moment correlation test with the ERI ratio. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between job demands and work stress, with r = 0.226 and p = 0.041 (p < 0.05), indicating that the research hypothesis is accepted. The effective contribution of job demands to work stress is 5.1%. The effort–reward ratio results showed an average value of 19.853 with a minimum individual score of 1.17 (>1.0), indicating an imbalance between effort and reward, which potentially leads to work stress. In addition, the moderate level of job demands experienced by teachers is also associated with a tendency toward overcommitment, characterized by excessive work involvement and a strong internal drive to meet job demands. This condition makes teachers more vulnerable to work pressure and strengthens the effort–reward imbalance, thereby supporting the emergence of work stress.