Implementasi Program Sinergi Gerak Pentahelix Untuk Optimalisasi Penanggulangan Bencana Di Provinsi Sumatera Utara (Studi Kasus Di Kabupaten Asahan)

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Program Sinergi Gerak Pentahelix (SIGAP) dalam optimalisasi penanggulangan bencana di Provinsi Sumatera Utara dengan studi kasus di Kabupaten Asahan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner terstruktur, wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Informan penelitian meliputi unsur pemerintah daerah, Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD), serta perwakilan dunia usaha yang terlibat dalam pelaksanaan SIGAP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi SIGAP di Kabupaten Asahan telah berjalan, namun masih berfokus pada kolaborasi antara pemerintah dan dunia usaha. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner, mayoritas informan menilai bahwa peran pemerintah sebagai koordinator dan pengambil keputusan sudah berjalan cukup baik, terutama pada tahap tanggap darurat bencana. Sementara itu, peran dunia usaha dinilai cukup signifikan dalam penyediaan bantuan logistik dan dukungan pendanaan, namun keterlibatannya masih bersifat insidental dan belum terintegrasi dalam tahap pra-bencana dan pascabencana. Hasil kuesioner juga mengungkapkan bahwa faktor pendukung utama implementasi SIGAP adalah komitmen pemerintah daerah, ketersediaan regulasi kebencanaan, serta potensi sumber daya dunia usaha. Adapun faktor penghambat meliputi keterbatasan kapasitas kelembagaan BPBD, lemahnya koordinasi lintas sektor, belum terintegrasinya data kebencanaan, serta rendahnya partisipasi unsur akademisi, masyarakat, dan media. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kolaborasi pemerintah dan dunia usaha dapat menjadi fondasi awal pengembangan model Pentahelix, namun memerlukan penguatan kelembagaan dan perluasan pelibatan aktor agar SIGAP dapat berjalan secara optimal dan berkelanjutan. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Pentahelix Synergy Movement Program (SIGAP) in optimizing disaster management in North Sumatra Province, with a case study in Asahan Regency. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis. Research informants include local government officials, the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), and representatives of the business sector involved in the implementation of SIGAP. The findings indicate that the implementation of SIGAP in Asahan Regency has been carried out but remains primarily focused on collaboration between the government and the business sector. Based on questionnaire results, most respondents perceive that the government’s role as coordinator and decision-maker has been relatively effective, particularly during the emergency response phase. Meanwhile, the business sector plays a significant role in providing logistical support and financial assistance; however, its involvement is still incidental and not yet systematically integrated into the pre-disaster and post-disaster phases. The questionnaire results also reveal that the main supporting factors for SIGAP implementation include strong local government commitment, the availability of disaster management regulations, and the resource potential of the business sector. Conversely, inhibiting factors consist of limited institutional capacity within BPBD, weak cross-sector coordination, lack of integrated disaster data systems, and low participation from academics, communities, and the media. This study concludes that collaboration between the government and the business sector can serve as an initial foundation for developing a comprehensive Pentahelix model, but it requires institutional strengthening and broader stakeholder engagement to ensure effective and sustainable disaster management.