The Intersection of Religion and Politics: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This article aims to analyse the complex relationship between religion and politics by exploring collective identities in an increasingly polarised global context. The methodology used is qualitative, with a systematic literature review approach. Data collection techniques included a literature review, utilising more than a thousand previous studies related to politics and religion, as well as secondary data sources, including books, scholarly articles, and reportage. Data analysis involved data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results revealed that the interaction between religion and politics is often symbiotic, where religion can strengthen political legitimacy. Conversely, politics can intensify the integration or marginalisation of religion in society. In the context of Qur'anic literature, analyses show that this sacred text provides relevant guidance for political thought and practice in Muslim societies, putting forward principles such as justice, consultation and the protection of human rights. Furthermore, in understanding the characteristics and objectives of Siyasah (politics) in the Qur'an, it is found that Islamic shari'a directs fair and effective governance, strengthening social relations and justice. This research provides important insights for policymakers and religious leaders to formulate strategies that promote cooperation, tolerance and peace among different religious and political groups.