Earthquake-Resistant Smart Buildings

Abstract

Earthquakes are natural hazards that can cause significant damage to buildings, infrastructure, and human life. The effects of an earthquake on a building depend on several factors, including the intensity and characteristics of ground motion, building configuration, structural system, material properties, construction quality, and site conditions. Therefore, earthquake-resistant building design is an important aspect of structural engineering, particularly in earthquake-prone regions such as Indonesia. In Indonesia, seismic design requirements for buildings are regulated through SNI 1726:2019, which provides requirements concerning seismic hazards, design criteria, structural systems, and expected performance of buildings and other structures (Badan Standardisasi Nasional [BSN], 2019). Traditional earthquake-resistant building design primarily focuses on providing sufficient strength, stiffness, ductility, and appropriate structural detailing so that buildings can withstand seismic loading. However, structural safety does not end when a building has been designed and constructed. During an earthquake, a structure may experience vibration, displacement, deformation, and other changes in structural response. Therefore, continuous monitoring of structural behavior can provide additional information regarding the condition of a building before, during, and after an earthquake (Çelebi & Kaya, 2022).