Perancangan Fasilitas Kerja pada Pengangkutan Bahan Baku untuk Mencegah Terjadinya MSDs pada CV. Suka Bersama Medan

Abstract

Pekerjaan manual material handling dapat menyebabkan stress pada kondisi fisik pekerja (seperti: sikap tubuh yang dipaksakan bergerakan berulang) mengakibatkan terjadinya cedera. Bila rasio tuntutan kerja lebih besar dari kemampuan seseorang maka akan terjadi penurunan performance kerja bisa dimulai oleh adanya ketidak nyamanan. Permasalahan yang terjadi di CV. Suka Bersama adalah aktivitas manual material handling (MMH) di stasiun pengangkatan bahan baku yang membahayakan bagi pekerja dikarenakan beban yang diangkat melebihi batas dari konstanta pembebanan, tindakan pengulangan dengan frekuensi angkat yang tinggi. Tujuan mengukur biomekanika pekerja, dan membuat usulan perbaikan aktivitas MMH berupa perancangan alat bantu. Data yang dibutuhkan diambil melalui pengamatan secara langsung terhadap pekerja di bagian pengangkatan bahan baku, meliputi data RWL, Li, MPL dan data antropometri. Kemudian hasil perhitungan Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) didapatkan nilai 4 kg origin dan 5,28 destination, Lifting Index (LI) 6 kg origin dan 4,58 destination dan hasil Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL) sebesar 1097,656 N, dan dilakukan pemilihan dimensi antropometri disesuaikan dengan alat yang akan dirancang yaitu dimensi tinggi siku berdiri, lebar bahu, jangkauan tangan kedepan, diameter genggaman tangan, dan lebar jari ke 1,2,3,4,5. Dengan perhitungan dimensi tubuh maka di peroleh lebar pengangan troly 90 cm, diameter lingkaran gengeman 4 cm, ketinggian pegangan 96 cm, panjang genggaman 8 cm, jarak operator dengan 86 cm, panjang troly 152, dan lebar troly 152 cm. Manual material handling work can cause stress on the physical condition of workers (such as posture that is forced to move repeatedly) inflicting injury. If the ratio of work demands is greater than one's ability, there will be a decrease in work activity, starting with the discomfort. Problems that occurred in CV. Suka Bersama was an MMH activity at the lifting station for raw materials that were dangerous for workers because the load being lifted exceeded the limit of the loading constant and the repetitive actions with high lifting frequency. The aim was to measure the biomechanics of workers and to make suggestions for improving MMH activities in the form of designing aid tools. The data needed was taken through direct observation of workers in the lifting of raw materials, including RWL, Li, MPL data, and anthropometric data. Then the calculation results of the Recommended Weight Limit obtained a value of 4 kg origin and 5.28 of destination, Lifting Index of 6 kg origin and 4.58 of destination and Maximum Permissible Limit of 1097.656 N, and the anthropometric dimensions were selected according to the tool to be designed, namely the dimensions standing elbow height, shoulder width, forward hand reach, handgrip diameter, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 fingers width. By calculating the body dimensions, it was obtained the trolley handle width was 90 cm, the grip circle diameter was 4 cm, the handle height was 96 cm, the grip length was 8 cm, the operator distance was 86 cm, the trolley length was 152, and the trolley width was 152 cm.