Kajian Efektivitas Pelayanan Transportasi Publik Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kasus : Rute Tanjung Anom - UIN)

Abstract

Pertumbuhan perekonomian tidak terlepas dari sistem transportasi yang baik. Berbagai upaya pembangunan dan perbaikan sistem transportasi telah dilakukan pemerintah demi mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi. Berbagai fasilitas dan alternatif transportasi baru terus dikembangkan, terutama pada kawasan perkotaan sebagai pusat perekonomian. Salah satu moda transportasi umum yang tidak bisa lepas dari lingkungan perkotaan adalah angkutan kota (angkot). Di kota Medan, dalam pengoperasiannya angkot masih banyak mengalami berbagai permasalahan seperti tingkat pelayanan yang masih minim, perilaku dan karakter pengemudi yang tidak patuh terhadap peraturan lalu lintas, serta kenyamanan dan keamanan yang cukup mengkhawatirkan. Terlebih pada masa pandemi Covid-19 seperti saat ini, kerap sekali dijumpai pengguna angkutan umum tidak menggunakan masker dan sering berdempet-dempetan (tidak menjaga jarak) di dalam angkutan umum. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengukur tingkat keefektifan dari angkutan umum yang spesifik membahas aksesibilitas, kapasitas, kelancaran dan kecepatan, kenyamanan, dan keamanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian survei untuk memperoleh data primer sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari pengambilan data di instansi terkait. Data yang telah diperoleh kemudian dielaborasi dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik serta di analisis menggunakan metode statistik deskriptif dan metode Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, dalam pengoperasiannya aksesibilitas memiliki hasil efektif dengan nilai 80,39% pengguna menempuh jarak 0–500 meter ke tempat menunggu angkutan umum serta 90,2% pengguna menunggu angkutan umum selama 0–10 menit. Untuk kapasitas memiliki hasil tidak efektif dengan nilai 182 penumpang rata-rata/hari/kendaraan. Untuk kelancaran dan kecepatan memiliki hasil efektif dengan nilai 31–43 km/jam. Sedangkan untuk kenyaman dan keamanan diperoleh ada 2 indikator yang dinilai sangat penting oleh pengguna, sedangkan tingkat pelaksanaannya masih belum memuaskan. Serta terdapat indikator yang masih belum sesuai dengan standar yang berlaku. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah aksesibilitas serta kelancaran dan kecepatan pada pelayanan angkot 46 dinilai efektif, sedangkan kapasitas pelayanannya dinilai tidak efektif karena dampak dari pandemi Covid-19. Untuk keamanan dan kenyamanan tingkat pelaksanaannya masih belum memuaskan. Economic growth is inseparable from a good transportation system. The government has made various efforts to build and improve the transportation system to support economic growth. Various new transportation facilities and alternatives continue to be developed, especially in urban areas as economic centers. One of the public transportation modes that unseparated from the urban environment is city transportation (angkot). In Medan city, in its operation, there were still many problems such as the service level minimal, the behavior and character of drivers who did not comply with traffic regulations, as well as quite worrying about comfort and safety. Especially during the Covid-19 Pandemic, it was often encountered that public transportation users did not wear masks and often huddle (not keep their distance) inside the public transportation. Based on the problems, it was necessary to research to measure the effectiveness level of public transportation that specifically discusses accessibility, capacity, smoothness and speed, comfort, and safety. Then, this research used survey research methods to obtain primary data while secondary data was obtained from data collection in related agencies. Furthermore, the data that has been obtained was then elaborated in the tables and graphs forms and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. The results showed that, in its operation, accessibility had an effective result with a value of 80.39% of users traveling a distance of 0-500 meters to a place to wait for public transportation and 90.2% of users waiting for public transportation for 0-10 minutes. For capacity, it had ineffective results with an average value of 182 passengers/day/vehicle. For smoothness and speed, it had effective results with a value of 31-43 km/hour. For smoothness and speed, it had effective results with a value of 31-43 km/hour. Meanwhile, for comfort and safety, 2 indicators were considered very important by users, while the level of implementation was still not satisfactory. Also, some indicators were still not following the applicable standards. Thus, the accessibility, smoothness, and speed of public transportation Number 46 services were considered effective, while the service capacity was considered ineffective due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. For safety and comfort, the level of implementation was still not satisfactory.