Pengaruh Kestabilan Tegangan Listrik terhadap Pompa Air di PDAM Tirtanadi Cabang Cemara

Abstract

Kerja praktek ini dilakukan di PDAM Tirtanadi Cabang Cemara Medan dengan tujuan menganalisis Pengaruh Kestabilan Tegangan Listrik Terhadap Pompa Air di PDAM Tirtanadi Cabang Cemara. Metodologi yang digunakan meliputi pengumpulan studi literatur, pengukuran lapangan menggunakan multimeter, voltmeter, dan ampermeter, pengumpulan data kuantitatif dan kualitatif, serta observasi langsung kinerja motor dan pompa. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis untuk melihat hubungan antara tegangan listrik dan parameter operasional pompa, seperti arus, debit, tekanan, dan suhu motor. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tegangan stabil menghasilkan arus dan torsi motor optimal sehingga debit pompa sesuai spesifikasi. Tegangan rendah meningkatkan arus motor sehingga menimbulkan panas berlebih dan efisiensi menurun, sedangkan tegangan tinggi menurunkan arus dan torsi motor sehingga debit pompa berkurang. Pengamatan ini menegaskan bahwa kestabilan tegangan listrik merupakan faktor kunci untuk menjaga kontinuitas distribusi air, umur motor, dan efisiensi pompa. Saran dari PKL ini mencakup penggunaan stabilizer atau UPS industri, monitoring rutin tegangan dan arus, perawatan berkala motor dan pompa, pemilihan motor dengan service factor memadai, serta pelatihan operator agar dapat mengantisipasi fluktuasi tegangan. This practical work was carried out at PDAM Tirtanadi Cemara Branch in Medan with the aim of analyzing the Effect of Electrical Voltage Stability on Water Pumps at PDAM Tirtanadi Cemara Branch. The methodology used included literature study, field measurements using a multimeter, voltmeter, and ammeter, collection of quantitative and qualitative data, as well as direct observation of motor and pump performance. The collected data were analyzed to examine the relationship between electrical voltage and pump operational parameters, such as current, flow rate, pressure, and motor temperature. The analysis results show that stable voltage produces optimal motor current and torque, so the pump flow rate meets the specifications. Low voltage increases motor current, causing excessive heat and decreased efficiency, while high voltage reduces motor current and torque, resulting in a lower pump flow rate. This observation confirms that electrical voltage stability is a key factor in maintaining the continuity of water distribution, motor lifespan, and pump efficiency. Recommendations from this internship include the use of industrial stabilizers or UPS, routine monitoring of voltage and current, regular maintenance of motors and pumps, selection of motors with adequate service factors, and operator training to anticipate voltage fluctuations.